Head, Neck and Trunk Flashcards
Longus Capitis
Origin: Transverse processes of C3-C6
Insertion: Basilar part of the occipital bone
Nerve: First three cervical nerves.
Function: Bilateral Action: Flexion of the head on the atlas; Flexion of the cervical spine
Unilateral Action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
Longus Colli
Origin: Transverse processes of C3-C5 and the anterolateral surface of C5-C7 and T1-T3
Insertion: Anterior arch of the atlas; Anterior surgave of C2-C4; Transverse processes of C5, C6
Nerve: Ventral Rami of C2-C6
Function: Bilateral Action: Flexion of the cervical spine
Unilateral Action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
Rectus Capitis Anterior
Origin: Lateral aspect and transverse process of the atlas
Insertion: Basilar part of the occipital bone
Nerve: Ventral rami of C1, C2
Function: Flexion of the head on the atlas
Anterior Scalene
Origin: Transverse processes of C3-C6
Insertion: Upper surface of the first rib
Nerve: Ventral rami of C5, C6
Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the cervical spine
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Sternal head: Anterior aspect of the manubrium of the sternum
Clavicular head: Medial third of the clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of the skull
Peripheral Nerve: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Nerve Root: Ventral rami of C2, C3
Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the cervical spine; in the absence of cervical vertebral stabilizers, it extends the head on the atlas
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the cervical spine to the same side; rotation of the cervical spine to the opposite side
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Origin: Angles of ribs 3-6
Insertion: Transverse processes of C4-C6
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the cervical spine
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the cervical spine
Longissimus Capitis
Origin: Articular processes of the last 3-4 cervical vertebrae and the transverse processes of the upper 4-5 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Posterior aspect of the mastoid process
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the middle and lower cervical nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head on the atlas
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
Longissimus Cervicis
Origin: Transverse processes of the upper 4-5 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Transverse processes of C2-C6
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the cervical spine
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the cervical spine
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Origin: Transverse process of the atlas
Insertion: Occipital bone
Peripheral Nerve: Suboccipital nerve
Nerve Root: C1
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head on the atlas
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the head on the atlas (minor)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Origin: Spinous process of the axis
Insertion: Inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone (the lateral aspect)
Peripheral Nerve: Suboccipital nerve
Nerve Root: C1
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head on the atlas
Unilateral action: Rotation of the upper cervical spine
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Origin: Posterior tubercle of the axis
Insertion: Inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone (the medial aspect
Peripheral Nerve: Suboccipital nerve
Nerve Root: C1
Function: Extension of the head on the atlas
Semispinalis Capitis
Origin: Transverse processes of the 7th cervical and the first 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of C4-C6
Insertion: Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the first 6 cervical nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head and the cervical spine
Unilateral action: Rotation of the cervical spine to the opposite side
Semispinalis Cervicis
Origin: Transverse processes of the first 5-6 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes if the first 5 cervical vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the lower 3 cranial nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head and the cervical spine
Unilateral action: Rotation of the cervical spine to the opposite side
Spinalis Capitis
Origin: Transverse processes of the 7th cervical and the first 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of C4-C6
Insertion: Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves
Function: Extension of the cervical spine
Spinalis Cervicis
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7, T1, T2
Insertion: Spinous process of the axis
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves
Function: Extension of the cervical spine
Splenius Capitis
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7, T1-T3
Insertion: Lateral aspect of the superior nuchal line and the mastoid process
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the middle cervical nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head and cervical spine
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
Splenius Cervicis
Origin: Spinous processes of T3-T6
Insertion: Transverse processes of the upper 2-3 cervical vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the lower cervical nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the cervical spine
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
Rectus Abdominis
Origin: Pubis crest and symphysis pubis
Insertion: Costal cartilage of ribs 5-7; Xiphoid process
Nerve: Intercostal nerves 7-12
Function: Flexion of the vertebral column, particularly the lumbar spine
External Abdominal Oblique
Origin: By interdigitating slips from the external surfaces of the lower 8 ribs
Insertion: abdominal aponeurosis, anterior aspect of the outer lip of the iliac crest
Nerve: Intercostal nerves 7-12
Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the vertebral column
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column toward the opposite side
Internal Abdominal Oblique
Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the middle lip of the iliac crest, the lateral half of the inguinal ligament
Insertion: Inferior aspect of the costal cartilages of the last 3-4 ribs, via aponeurosis into the rectus sheath, pectineal line of the pubic bone
Nerve: Intercostal nerves 8-12, Iliohypogastric nerve, Ilioinguinal nerve
Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the vertebral column
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column toward the same side
Iliocostalis Thoracis
Origin: Angles of ribs 7-12
Insertion: Angles of ribs 1-6; Transverse process of C7
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Origin: Common erector spinae tendon from the median sacral crest, spinous processes of all lumbar and lower 2 thoracic vertebrae, dorsum of the iliac crests, lateral crest of the sacrum, sacrotuberous, and posterior sacroiliac ligaments
Insertion: Angles of the last 7 ribs
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column; elevation of the pelvis
Longissimus Thoracis
Origin: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Between tubercles and angles of the lower 9-10 ribs; transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Multifidus
Origin: Posterior aspect of the sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine, posterior sacroiliac ligament, mammillary processes of the lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of the lower 4 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes of the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the vertebral column; rotation of the vertebral column to the opposite side
Semispinalis Thoracis
Origin: Transverse processes of T6-T10
Insertion: Spinous processes C6-T4
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami T1-T6
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column
Unilateral action: Rotation of the vertebral column to the opposite side
Spinalis Thoracis
Origin: Spinous processes of T11-L2
Insertion: Spinous processes of the upper 4-8 thoracic vertebrae
Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves
Function: Extension of the vertebral column
Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest, Iliolumbar ligament
Insertion: Transverse processes of L2-L4; Inferior border of rib 12
Nerve: 12th thoracic and upper 3-4 lumbar nerves
Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the lumbar spine
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the lumbar spine; elevation of the pelvis
Masseter
Origin: Zygomatic process of the maxilla, zygomatic arch
Insertion: Angle and lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible, coronoid process of the mandible
Nerve: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Function: Elevation of the mandible (closes the jaw); Assists in mandibular protraction
Medial Pterygoid
Origin: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of the palatine bone, tuberosity of the maxilla
Insertion: Medial surface of the ramus and the angle of the mandible
Nerve: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Function: Bilateral action: Elevates the mandible (closes the jaw
Unilateral action: Protracts and deviates the mandible to the opposite side
Lateral Pterygoid
Origin: Upper head: Infratemporal crest and the lateral surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
Inferior head: Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion: Anterior aspect of the neck of the mandibular condyle and the anterior aspect of the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint
Nerve: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Function: Protracts and depresses the mandible (opens the jaw)
Temporalis
Origin: Temporal fossa of the skull
Insertion: Coronoid process and ramus of the mandible
Nerve: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Function: Retracts and elevates the mandible (closes the jaw)
Occipitofrontalis (Frontal Belly)
Origin: Gale aponeurotica
Insertion: Skin of the eyebrows and root of the nose
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Elevates the eyebrows
Corrugator Supercilii
Origin: Medial aspect of the superciliary arch
Insertion: Skin of the medial half of the eyebrow
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Draws the eyebrows medially
Orbicularis Oculi
Origin: Nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of the maxilla, medial palpebral ligament
Insertion: Lateral palpebral raphe, corrugator supercilii and frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle, skin of the eyebrow
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Closes the eye
Procerus
Origin: Lateral nasal cartilage and lower part of the nasal bone
Insertion: Skin over the lower part of the forehead between the two eyebrows
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Draws the medial angle of the eyebrows down
Nasalis
Origin: Medial aspect of the maxilla
Insertion: Aponeurosis of procerus and contralateral nasalis muscles, alar cartilage
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Dilates the nasal aperture
Levator Labii Superioris
Origin: Inferior margin of the orbit
Insertion: Lateral half of the upper kip
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Raises the upper lip
Levator Anguli Oris
Origin: Canine fossa of the maxilla
Insertion: Angle of the mouth
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Elevates the angle of the mouth
Zygomaticus Major
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Angle of the mouth
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Draws the angle of the mouth upward and backward as in smiling or laughing
Orbicularis Oris
Origin: Other facial muscles, primarily the buccinator, levator anguli oris, and depressor anguli oris; Maxilla; Septum of the nose; Mandible
Insertion: Skin and mucous membrane surrounding the mouth
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Approximates and protrudes the lips
Risorius
Origin: Parotid fascia overlying the masseter muscle
Insertion: Skin of the angle of the mouth
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Retracts the angle of the mouth
Buccinator
Origin: Alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible, opposite three molar teeth; Pterygomandibular raphe
Insertion: Angle of the lips
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Compresses the cheek
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Origin: Oblique line of the mandible
Insertion: Skin of the lower lip
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Depresses the angle of the mouth
Mentalis
Origin: Incisive fossa of the mandible
Insertion: Skin of the chin
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Raises and protrudes the lower lip; Wrinkles the skin of the chin
Depressor Anguli Oris
Origin: Oblique line of the mandible
Insertion: Angle of the mouth
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Depresses the angle of the mouth
Platysma
Origin: Fascia covering the deltoid and pectoralis
Insertion: Mandible, skin of the lower part of the face
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Draws the lower lip and corner of the mouth laterally and inferiorly
