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Mia's Anatomy: Unit 2 > Lower abdomen lecture > Flashcards

Lower abdomen lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Gastric juices convert a mass of food to a semiliquid mixture

A

chyme

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2
Q

entrance from esophagus

A

Cardiac orifice

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3
Q

exit to duodenum through the

A

Pyloric sphincter

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4
Q

temporary folds within the body of the stomach are called

A

Rugae

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5
Q

acts as a food blender and a reservoir

A

stomach

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6
Q

allow for expansion of the stomach & for movement

A

Rugae

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7
Q

portion of the small intestine that is retroperitoneal

A

Duodenum

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8
Q

portion of the small intestine that is relatively fixed

A

Duodenum

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9
Q

portion of the small intestine that is tethered but mobile

A

jejunum & ileum

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10
Q

where does the ileum empty?

A

ileocecal junction

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11
Q

permanent folds within intestine that increase surface area

A

Plicae Circularis

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12
Q

fold in the small intestine that become more diffuse distally

A

Plicae Circularis

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13
Q

the superior portion of the the duodenum is at what vertebral level

A

L1

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14
Q

the superior portion of the duodenum is what to the bile duct and gastroduodenal A.

A

Anterior

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15
Q

the descending portion of the duodenum is at what vertebral level

A

L2-3

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16
Q

the descending portion of the duodenum is at what vertebral level

A

L3-2

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17
Q

the descending portion of the duodenum is anterior to what

A

inferior vena cava & aorta

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18
Q

the descending portion of the duodenum is posterior to what

A

SMA

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19
Q

widest part of the small intestine

A

duodenum

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20
Q

the duodenum is connected to the liver by what ligament

A

hepatodoudenal

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21
Q

what part of the duodenum isn’t retroperitoneal

A

the superior part

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22
Q

how many branches of the SMA contribute to the supply go both jejunum and ileum

A

15-18

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23
Q

what portion of arterial supply to the jejunum & ileum increases from proximal to distal

A

arterial arcades

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24
Q

what portion of arterial supply to the jejunum & ileum decreases from proximal to distal

A

Vasa recta

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25
Q

what embryological structure is an ileal diverticulum remnant of

A

yolk stalk

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26
Q

where is the ileal diverticulum located

A

~1m proximal to ileocecal valve

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27
Q

where does the colon terminate

A

rectum

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28
Q

which flexure is a more acute bend at the junction of the transverse and descending colon

A

Splenic

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29
Q

which colic flexure is generally the most superior and posterior of the flexures?

A

Splenic

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30
Q

what attaches the splenic flexure to the diaphragm?

A

splenocolic ligament

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31
Q

what opens into cecum inferior to ileocecal orifice

A

Veriform Appendix

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32
Q

mesentery that hold the appendix to the ileum

A

mesoappendix or triangular mesentery

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33
Q

blind end tube located most commonly retrocecal

A

Appendix

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34
Q

what is the function of the appendix?

A

not well defined or understood

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35
Q

what type of pain is common with inflammation of the appendix?

A

vague pain at the periumbilical region

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36
Q

where does the referred pain from inflammation of the appendix originate

A

T10

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37
Q

why does the referred pain from appendix inflammation turn into sharp pain

A

irritation of peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall

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38
Q

what vertebral level is the umbilicus located?

A

L4

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39
Q

contains stomach, liver and spleen

A

Supracolic compartment

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40
Q

contains small intestine and ascending & descending colon

A

Infracolic compartment

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41
Q

what divides the abdominal cavity into 2 compartments

A

Transvers mesocolon

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42
Q

3 smooth muscle bands paralleling length of colon

A

Teniae coli

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43
Q

outpouchings produced by teniae coli

A

Haustra coli

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44
Q

fat tags found along the colon

A

Epiploic appendages

45
Q

1st major branch of Abdominal aorta

A

Celiac Trunk

46
Q

what are the three main branches of the Celiac Trunk

A

Common hepatic a.
L. gastric a.
Splenic a.

47
Q

Supplies liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas & spleen

A

Celiac Trunk

48
Q

Midgut supply

A

SMA

49
Q

distal half of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

A

Midgut

50
Q

2nd major branch of abdominal aorta

A

Superior Mesenteric A. (SMA)

51
Q

Celiac trunks anastomose w/ SMA by the

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.

52
Q

3rd major branch of abdominal aorta

A

Inferior Mesenteric A. (IMA)

53
Q

supplies colon from distal 1/3 of transverse colon

A

Inferior Mesenteric A. (IMA)

54
Q

~5 cm superior to aortic bifurcation

A

Inferior Mesenteric A. (IMA)

55
Q

anastomose and supply head of pancreas & duodenum

A

superior & inferior pancreaticoduodenal

56
Q

crosses over ureters & iliac vessels

A

Ovarian aa

57
Q

descends to pelvis to supply ovaries

A

Ovarian aa

58
Q

crosses over ureters & enters inguinal canal

A

Testicular aa

59
Q

descends into scrotum to supply testes

A

Testicular aa

60
Q

lateral branches of abdominal aorta

A

Gonadal Aa

61
Q

descends along the anterior surface of the psoas muscle

A

Gonadal Aa

62
Q

do not have to come off at the same level

A

Paired branches of the aorta

63
Q

largest vein in body

A

inferior vena cava

64
Q

begins at ~L5 level

A

inferior vena cava

65
Q

returns blood to the RA of heart

A

inferior vena cava

66
Q

returns poorly oxygenated blood from LL, most of the back, abdominal wall, & abdominopelvic viscera

A

inferior vena cava

67
Q

Blood from viscera first pass through the

A

Portal venous system

68
Q

Venus drainage is usually inferior to superior except

A

in the head

69
Q

must pass through the liver via the hepatic vv before entering the IVC

A

Portal venous system

70
Q

Formed by union of splenic and superior mesenteric vv.

A

Portal Vein (L2)

71
Q

Venous return from ____ (4) enters the portal vein

A

Spleen
Pancreas
Gall bladder
Abdominal gastrointestinal tract

72
Q

Returns nutrient rich, poorly oxygenated blood to the liver

A

Portal Vein (L2)

73
Q

get rid of what we don’t want circulating to the heart and brain

A

liver

74
Q

what forms the portal vein?

A

splenic & superior mesenteric V forms portal

75
Q

what does the inferior mesenteric v. drain into before entering the liver?

A

splenic vein

76
Q

which veins are valve-less?

A

portal & caval

77
Q

what drains either in direction in case of collateral emergency?

A

portal-caval Anastomoses

78
Q

what are the 4 portal-Caval Anastomoses

A

gastric vv & esophageal vv
paraumbilical vv & epigastric vv
superior rectal vv & middle/inferior rectal vv
colic vv & retroperitoneal vv

79
Q

what allows for drainage in either direction?

A

valve-less portal-caval Anastomoses

80
Q

Portal hypertension- increase in portal pressure causes by

A

cirrhosis

81
Q

anastomoses of the abdomen

A

portal-caval Anastomoses

82
Q

what NS is the viscera inverted by

A

autonomic

83
Q

what nerve is CN X

A

vagus

84
Q

esophageal and cardiac stomach that start in abdominal cavity vertebral level

A

T5

85
Q

Sympathetic fibers originate

A

T5-L2

86
Q

post-synaptic fibers of sympathetic travel on all main

A

arterial branches

87
Q

presynaptic fibers Innervation of the head, Cervical cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves, Spinal nerves to neck, upper trunk, & upper limb

A

Ascend then synapse

88
Q

presynaptic fibers innervate thoracic cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves, Spinal nerves to middle trunk

A

Synapse at level of exit

89
Q

presynaptic fibers innervate Spinal nerves to lower trunk & lower limb

A

Descend then synapse

90
Q

presynaptic fibers innervation of abdominopelvic viscera

A

Pass through without synapsing

91
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve vertebral level

A

T5-T9

92
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve collateral ganglion

A

Celiac trunk

93
Q

Lesser splanchnic nerve collateral ganglion

A

SMA

94
Q

Lesser splanchnic nerve vertebral level

A

T10-T11

95
Q

Least splanchnic nerve vertebral level

A

T12

96
Q

Least splanchnic nerve collateral ganglion

A

Renal

97
Q

Preganglionic sympathetics travel via splanchnic nerves to synapse on

A

collateral ganglia

98
Q

collateral ganglia of the abdomen

A

Celiac
SMA
Aorticorenal
Lumbar

99
Q

nerves which pass from the lumbar sympathetic trunk to enter the prevertebral plexus

A

Lumbar splanchnic

100
Q

descending and sigmoid colon by these preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

A

Pelvic splanchnic

101
Q

Parasympathetic from S2-S4

A

Pelvic splanchnic

102
Q

supplies foregut and mid gut derivatives

A

Vagus nerve

103
Q

supplies distal 1/3 of the colon & on

A

S2-4

104
Q

IMA and branches

A

S2-4

105
Q

parasympathetic preganglionic cell body’s are located

A

craniosacral

106
Q

parasympathetic postganglionic cell body’s are located

A

walls of the organ they innervate

107
Q

celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa, and all their branches are inverted by

A

Vagus nerve

108
Q

comes through the diaphragm with esophagus

A

CN X

Mia's Anatomy: Unit 2 (7 decks)

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