Female Reproductive: Histo Flashcards
Main purpose of the reproductive system
perpetuate the species
Production of eggs, providing a location for fertilization, & providing a location to house and support embryonic development
female reproductive system
produce germ cells or gametes
Gonads
Are germ cells / gametes haploid or diploid?
Haploid (n)
Number of chromosomes in a germ cell
23
mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, the external urethral orifice, and the vaginal orifice
Female external genitalia
vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and the ligaments and supporting structures
Female internal genitalia
Female gonads
ovaries
What type of function(s) do the ovaries have
endocrine and exocrine
what is the endocrine function of the ovaries
steroidgenesis
What steroids to the ovaries produce
Estrogens and Progestogens
promotes the growth and maturation of internal and external sex organs
Estrogens
promotes breast development
Estrogens
prepares internal sex organs (primarily uterus) for pregnancy by promoting changes in endometrium
Progestogens
prepares mammary glands for lactation
Progestogens
The ovaries are homologous to what in the male
testes
what is the exocrine function of the ovaries
production of secondary oocyte
The surface epithelium of the ovaries is . . .
simple cuboidal
Dense connective tissue of the ovaries
tunica albugini
contains connective tissue and follicles
cortex of the ovary
loose connective tissue with lymphatics vessels and nerves
medulla or the ovary
migrate from yolk sac to gonadal primordia
Primordial Germ Cells
differentiate to form the next cell (i.e. oogonia)
Primordial Germ Cells
arrested in prophase I are called primary oocytes
Oogonia
each primary oocyte becomes surrounded by flattened supporting cells called follicular cells which forms
primordial follicle
beginning at the fifth month of fetal life and throughout the woman’s lifetime, primary oocytes undergo a slow degenerative processes
atresia
number of oocytes ovulated
~ 350-400
What is released at puberty and causes follicular growth
FSH
surrounded by a layer of simple cuboidal cells
early/ uni laminar primary follicle
surrounded by stratified cuboidal
late/ multi laminar primary follicle
layer of glycoproteins secreted by the oocyte
Zona pellucide
just external to the basement membrane formed by the granulosa cells
Theca folliculli
connective tissue surrounding the follicle
Theca folliculli
cuboidal secretary cells that are stimulated by LH
Theca interna
secrets androstenedione
Theca interna
fibers layer made up of smooth muscles, fibroblasts and bundles of collagen
Theca externa
As the follicle grows the granulose cells secrete fluid and reorganize themselves into
Antrum
as soon as the Antrum appears the follicle is a ..
secondary follicle
once the follicle reaches 10mm it is
mature/ Graafian follicle
what causes ovulation
increased Antrum pressure
12 - 24 hrs before ovulation LH causes
completion of meiosis I
Onces meiosis I is complete what is formed?
secondary oocyte
a gradian follicle starts as ___ and ovulates ____
primary oocyte
secondary oocyte
After ovulation the granulosa cells are left and a large blood clot forms
corpus hemorrhagicum
Increases in size (hypertrophy) and produce progesterone
Granulosa cells
only increase in size slightly and produce estrogen
Theca interna
forms the corpus luteum
luteinization
if fertilization occurs what happens to the corpus luteum?
remains
if fertilization does not occurs what happens to the corpus luteum?
it degrade ~10-14 days
what is left once the corpus luteum degrades?
Corpus Albicans
Paired muscular tubes, 12 cm in length
Uterine Tubes
Where fertilization takes place
Uterine Tubes
Wall is folded mucosa with simple columnar epithelium, a thick muscularis (interwoven layers of smooth muscle), and serosa
Uterine Tubes
Two types of cells in the uterine tubes
ciliated cells and secretary cells
help move oocyte towards uterus
Ciliated cells
apical end budges into lumen and stain darker
secretary cells
Three layers of the uterus from outside to inside
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
thickest layer or the uterus
Myometrium
bundles of smooth muscle separated by connective tissue containing many blood vessels
Myometrium
simple columnar epithelium with both ciliated and secretory cells with an underlying lamina propria; contains uterine glands
Endometrium
outermost layer; either adventitia or serosa
Perimetrium
Layers of the endometrium
Basal layer (stratum basale) Functional layer (stratum functionale)
thickness changes influenced by the shifting levels of ovarian hormones and majority can be sloughed away monthly as the menstrual flow
Functional layer (stratum functionale)
endometrium that is not sloughed during menstruation
Cervix
Narrow end of the uterus
Cervix
what type of mucus glands are found in the cervix
branched
mucus glands increase in mucous production 10-fold
at mid-cycle to aid what
sperm migration
A squamocolumnar junction
Transformation Zone of Cervix
from mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium of cervical canal (and uterus) to nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium of ectocervix
Transformation Zone of Cervix
Common site of metaplastic changes
Transformation Zone of Cervix
What is on the outside of the vaginal canal
adventitia
Layers of the vagina
mucosa, a muscular layer, and an adventitia
Modified tubuloalveolar aprocrine sweat glands
Mammary Glands
Produce the protein component of milk
merocrine
Produce the lipid component of milk
apocrine
