Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mia's Anatomy: Unit 2 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

cells that produce steroid hormones contain a lot of what type o structure?

A

smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ductless glands that secrete their products internally

A

Endocrine Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the two types of hormones?

A

circulating

Local

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of Local Hormones

A

Paracrine

Autocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hormones that act on neighboring cells

A

Paracrine Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hormones that act on the same cells that is is secrete from

A

Autocrine Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hormones that are secreted into the circulatory system and act on any cell that has the appropriate receptor

A

circulating hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the the pineal gland secrete?

A

melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin made

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the thyroid secrete

A

calcitonin

thyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin secreted from

A

Posterior Pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the embryological origin or the diencephalons

A

prosencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what secondary vesicle does the hypothalamus originate from?

A

diencephalons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

main visceral (autonomic) control center for the body

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the secretions from this gland can regulate other glands

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the Posterior Pituitary

A

The infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what two glands regulate virtually all aspects of growth, development, metabolism, and homeostasis

A

the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (hypophysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

master gland for the endocrine system

A

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many hormones does the Hypothalamus produce?

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What gland is considered Command Center for Endocrine System

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

to see the relationship between the hypothalamus and the the pituitary gland what section should the brain be viewed?

A

Sagittal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located in relation to the nasal cavity?

A

posterior corner of the roof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the pituitary gland sit?

A

hypophyseal fossa or sella turcica of sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cords of epithelial cells interspersed with fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary

A

Pars Distalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A series of colloid-filled follicles in the anterior pituitary

A

Pars Intermedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What represent the residual lumen of Rathke’s pouch

A

colloid-filled follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What part of the anterior pituitary gland forms a collar or sheath around infundibulum

A

Pars Tuberalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

most of the cells in the ___ are basophilic gonadotropic cells

A

Pars Tuberalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Contains neurosecretory axons and their endings from the hypothalamus

A

Pars Nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus reach the anterior lobe via the

A

hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

where hormones travel down the axons of the neurosecretory cells to the axon terminals where they exit via exocytosis

A

hypothalamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Human growth hormone is secreted from what type of cells

A

Somatotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone is secreted from what type of cells

A

Thyrotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone is secreted from what type of cells

A

Gonadotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Luteinizing Hormone is secreted from what type of cells

A

Gonadotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Prolactin is secreted from what type of cells

A

Lactotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic is secreted from what type of cells hormone

A

Corticotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone is secreted from what type of cells

A

Corticotropes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what type of cell are Corticotropes

A

Basophil - Chromophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what type of cell are Lactotropes

A

Acidophil - Chromophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what type of cell are Gonadotropes

A

Basophil - Chromophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what type of cell are Thyrotropes

A

Basophil - Chromophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what type of cell are Somatotropes

A

Acidophil - Chromophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Chromophobes and Chromophils make up half the cell population in what?

A

Pars distalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Reserve of primitive/ undifferentiated cells in the Pars Distalis

A

Chromphobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Where is the hormone stored in Chromophils

A

cytoplasmic granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Least numerous cell but they have the most numerous cell types

A

Basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

powerful cells where a little bit goes a long way

A

basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what regulates the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what regulates all other glands

A

Anterior Pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

which if the chromophils is most active

A

acidophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

stimulates the release of Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

suppresses the release of Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

A

Dopamine (Prolactin- inhibiting hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

stimulates the release of Adrencoritcotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

suppresses the release of prolactin

A

Prolactin- inhibiting hormone (Dopamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

stimulates the release of Follicle stimulating hormone

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

stimulates the release of Luteinizing hormone

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

stimulates the release of Thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

Thyrotropin- releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

suppresses the release of Thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

Growth hormone- inhibiting hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

suppresses the release of Human growth hormone

A

Growth hormone- inhibiting hormone

61
Q

stimulates the release of Human growth hormone

A

Growth hormone- releasing hormone

62
Q

Growth hormone- releasing hormone is also known as

A

somatocrinin

63
Q

Which f the chromophilis has a granular appearance

A

Basophils

64
Q

Initiates the development of oocytes

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

65
Q

Induces ovarian secretion of estrogen

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

66
Q

Stimulates testes to produce sperm

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

67
Q

Promotes growth of body cells, protein synthesis, tissue repair, lipolysis and elevation of blood glucose concentration

A

Human-growth hormone

68
Q

(along w/ other hormones) promotes milk secretion

A

Prolactin

69
Q

stimulates ovulation

A

Lutenizing hormone

70
Q

when a section of the pituitary gland is prepared what two sections remain together if the tissue splits

A

Pars Nervosa

Pars Intermedia

71
Q

A collar or sheath wrapping around the the pituitary gland stalk

A

Pars tuberalis

72
Q

What are the two hormones produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

A 
oxytocin (OT)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)
73
Q

what causes the dilation at the axon terminals in the Pars nervosa

A

hormones stored in secretory vesicles

74
Q

dilated portions of the axons near the terminals in the Pars nervosa

A

Herring bodies

75
Q

Another name for Herring bodies

A

neurosecretory bodies

76
Q

A type of glial cell, resembling the astrocyte, that associates with the fenestrated capillaries

A

pituicytes

77
Q

most common cell type in posterior pituitary

A

pituicytes

78
Q

Does the posterior pituitary lobe have secretory cells?

A

No

79
Q

Does the posterior pituitary lobe synthesis hormones?

A

No

80
Q

Uterus destination and nipple stimulation, stimulates the secretion of ___ form the ___

A

Oxytocin, Hypothalamus

81
Q

Elevated blood osmotic pressure, dehydration, loss of blood volume, pain, or stress stimulates the secretion of ___ from the _____

A

ADH, Hypothalamus

82
Q

Low blood osmotic pressure, high blood volume and alcohol inhibits the secretion of

A

ADH

83
Q

Stimulates smooth muscles contraction of the uterus and myoepithelial cells in the mammary glands

A

Oxytocin

84
Q

What type of gland is the pineal gland

A

Neuroendocrine

85
Q

What does the pineal gland regulate?

A

circadian rhythm

86
Q

What is the major secretion for the pineal gland

A

melatonin

87
Q

In a histological slide what is a distinguishing characteristic of the pineal gland

A

Coropa arenacea (brain sand)

88
Q

Two types of cells in the pineal gland

A

Pinealocytes (parenchymal cells)

Interstitial (Glial) cells

89
Q

Three layers of the adrenal gland

A

fibers capsule
Cortex
Medulla

90
Q

Contains catecholamine-secreting cells

A

Adrenal Medulla

91
Q

Contains steroid-secreting cells

A

Adrenal Cortex

92
Q

Is the Adrenal cortex or medulla larger?

A

cortex

93
Q

Which of the adrenal layer has large vessels

A

medulla

94
Q

Where do the adrenal veins drain into?

A

Caval stystem

95
Q

cytoplasm has a foamy appearance in a histological stain

A

Zona fasciculata

96
Q

Same the zones in the adrenal cortex from capsule to medulla

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

97
Q

The thickest of the three adrenal cortex regions. it contains cells that are arranged in long cords/rows

A

Zona fasciculata

98
Q

What does the Zona glomerulosa secrete

A

Mineralocorticoids, mainly Aldosterone

99
Q

What does the Zona fasciculata secrete

A

Glucocorticoids, maily cortisol

100
Q

What does the Zona reticularis secrete

A

Androgens

101
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

102
Q

where are presynaptic sympathetic nerves located in the adrenal gland

A

Medulla

103
Q

where do hormones collect to be cent out into the body

A

Central vein

104
Q

where is the central vein located

A

in the medulla

105
Q

Main function of aldosterone

A

regulates Na+, K+ and water (control of blood pressure)

106
Q

Main function of Cortisol

A

Regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Provides resistance to stress and suppresses immune function

107
Q

Main function of Androgen (DHEA)

A

Axillary pubic hair in both sexes

108
Q

What intensifies sympathetic response in other body parts

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

109
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are what

A

Catecholamines

110
Q

which gland is developed form neural crest cells?

A

Adrenal Medulla

111
Q

controlled by sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the medulla

A

Chromaffin cells

112
Q

Allows for quick signally to the chromaffin cells to release hormones via exocytosis

A

sympathetic preganglionic neurons

113
Q

cluster around blood vessels & release hormones

A

Chromaffin cells

114
Q

In a histological section how can you identify Chromaffin cells

A

they area associated with blood vessels

115
Q

The endocrine portion of the pancreas

A

islets of Langerhans

116
Q

Where are the islets of Langerhans most numerous

A

in the tail

117
Q

The three principle cells of the islets of Langerhans

A

Beta (B cells)
Alpha (A ells)
Delta (D cells)

118
Q

Secretes insulin

A

Beta (B) cells

119
Q

Secretes glucagon

A

Alpha (A) Cells

120
Q

Secretes somatostatin

A

Delta (D) cells

121
Q

Where does the tail on the pancreas point?

A

Hilum of the spleen

122
Q

lowers blood glucose level as it signals for an acceleration of glucose transport into cells and the conversion of the glucose into glycogen

A

Insulin

123
Q

Associated with glycogenesis

A

Insulin

124
Q

raises blood glucose level as it signals for the acceleration of the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver

A

Glucagon

125
Q

Associated with glycogenolysis

A

Glucagon

126
Q

Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion

A

Somatostatin

127
Q

what creates lobes in the thyroid gland

A

fibrous capsule & septa

128
Q

control of basal metabolic rate and oxygen consumption of body cells

A

T3 and T4

129
Q

Four atoms of iodine

A

Thyroxine

130
Q

Three atoms of iodine

A

Tri-iodothyronine

131
Q

Follicles contain colloid which is a gel-like mass predominantly composed of

A

thyroglobulin

132
Q

inactive form of the thyroid hormones

A

thyroglobulin

133
Q

Where is thyroglobulin modified

A

follicular cells

134
Q

How is thyroid hormone released

A

fenestrated blood capillaries that surround the follicles

135
Q

May be part of the follicular epithelium or found between the follicles of the thyroid gland

A

Parafollicular cells (C cells)

136
Q

Produce the hormone calcitonin

A

Parafollicular cells (C cells)

137
Q

Decreases the level of calcium in the blood by encouraging calcium salts to be deposited in bone matrix

A

calcitonin

138
Q

Inhibits the action of osteoclasts

A

calcitonin

139
Q

How is the secretion of calcitonin regulated

A

Negative feed back

140
Q

What stimulate the release of calcitonin

A

high blood levels of Ca2+

141
Q

what is located in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid

142
Q

How many parathyroid glads are normally present?

A

4 (2-6)

143
Q

produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Chief cells

144
Q

more common with age

A

Oxyphil cells

145
Q

2 cell types located in the parathyroid glands

A

Oxyphil cells

Chief cells

146
Q

Most numerous cell in the parathyroid

A

Chief cells

147
Q

Increases the level of calcium in the blood stimulation of osteoclasts

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

148
Q

How does PTH impact the kidney?

A

Slow the rare id Ca2+ released into the urine

Mia's Anatomy: Unit 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions