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mia's anatomy: unit 2 > Digestive System II > Flashcards

Digestive System II Flashcards

1
Q

how long does the bolus remain in the stomach?

A

2-4 hours

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2
Q

why does the pyloric sphincter release the chime a little bit at a time?

A

because chime has a very low pH

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3
Q

length of small duodenum

A

25 cm

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4
Q

length of jejunum

A

2.5 m

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5
Q

length of ileum

A

3.5 m

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6
Q

how does small intestine get its name?

A

small diameter

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7
Q

how much absorption occurs in the small intestine?

A

90%

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8
Q

is digestion of macro molecules complete once chime leaves the stomach?

A

No, continues in small intestine

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9
Q

fingerlike projections of mucosa

A

Vili

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10
Q

projections of apical membrane of intestinal absorptive cells

A

Microvilli

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11
Q

the striated border caused by

A

Microvilli

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12
Q

what are the three things that increase the surface area of the small intestine?

A

Microvilli
Vili
Plicae circulares

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13
Q

permanent folds that have core of submucosa

A

Plicae circulares

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14
Q

projections of the small intestine that are 0.5-1.5mm in length

A

Vili

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15
Q

what is at the core of the Plicae circulares?

A

submucosa

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16
Q

what is the core of the vili

A

lamina propria

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17
Q

what is the core of microvilli

A

actin

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18
Q

absorptive cells of the small intestine

A

enterocytes

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19
Q

mucosa is made of

A

epithelium & Crypts of Lieberkühn

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20
Q

what type of gland is the crypt

A

tubular glands

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21
Q

what types of cells are in Crypts of Lieberkühn

A

Paneth cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Stem cells

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22
Q

are paneth cells endocrine of exocrine?

A

exocrine

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23
Q

what do paneth cells secrete?

A

lysozymes

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24
Q

what is the function os paneth cells

A

keep bacterial flora of S. intestine in check

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25
Q

what are the properties the secretory granules of paneth cells

A

large graphics las at apical surface

eosinophilic

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26
Q

what cells can be found in the submucosa of the duodenum ?

A

Brunner’s glands

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27
Q

what do Brunner’s glands secrete?

A

produce alkaline mucous

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28
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle does the small intestine have?

A

2:
Outer longitudinal
Inner circular

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29
Q

what portion(s) of the small intestine are covered by serosa?

A

jejunum & ileum

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30
Q

what portion(s) of the small intestine are covered by adventitia?

A

duodenum portions that are retroperitoneal

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31
Q

structures that are covered by serosa are what?

A

intraperitoneal

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32
Q

structures that are covered by adventitia are what?

A

retroperitoneal

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33
Q

where do Brunner’s glands secrete

A

into crypt

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34
Q

what do Brunner’s glands secrete?

A

Mucin

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35
Q

what does the Brunner’s glands secretion do?

A

helps to neutralize chime

alkaline

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36
Q

where do the cells of the crypt not go beyond?

A

muscularis mucosa

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37
Q

what is important for fat absorption

A

lacteals

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38
Q

lymphatic nodules are more concentrated in what portion of the small intestine?

A

ileum

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39
Q

what are the collection of lymphatic nodules in the ileum called?

A

payers patches

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40
Q

what kind of stain affinity do payers patches have?

A

Basophilic

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41
Q

what do M cells transfer their sampling of intestinal material, from the lumen, to?

A

Macrophages

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42
Q

what type of nodules are present in the lamina propria and submucosa of the ileum

A

lymphatic

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43
Q

specialized epithelial cells in ileum overlying Peyer’s patches

A

M (microfold) cells

44
Q

delivers enzymes (juice) into the duodenum via ducts

A

pancreas

45
Q

produces bile

A

liver

46
Q

emulsifies lipids

A

bile

47
Q

stores, concentrates, and delivers biles into duodenum

A

gallbladder

48
Q

what duct do bile leave the gallbladder through

A

common bile

49
Q

what do the major pancreatic duct & common bile duct form?

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

50
Q

major site of digestion and absorption of water & nutrients

A

small intestine

51
Q

a type of peristalsis consisting of waves of contraction and relaxation of circular and longitudinal smooth muscles

A

Migrating motility complex

52
Q

does the large intestine have plicae circulares?

A

No

53
Q

does the large intestine have vili?

A

No

54
Q

what is the role of the large intestine

A

reapportion of water and electrolytes

55
Q

role of bacteria flora in large intestine

A

break down of AA & vit B and K

56
Q

longitudinal smooth muscles grouping into bands

A

Tenia coli

57
Q

this is not found in the rectum, anal canal or appendix

A

Tenia coli

58
Q

pockets in the large intestine

A

Haustra

59
Q

small fatty projections of serosa

A

Omental or epiploic appendages

60
Q

folds of mucosa in large intestine

A

Anal columns

61
Q

what cells of the crypts aren’t found in the large intestine?

A

paneth cells

62
Q

why don’t we want paneth cells in the large intestine

A

b/c Bactria are important

63
Q

Absorptive cells in the large intestine

A

colonocytes

64
Q

what cell population increases in the large intestine

A

goblet cells

65
Q

what portion of the large intestine of the do glands show up in the submucosa

A

anal canal

66
Q

what glands are found in the submucosa of the anal canal

A

mucous glands

67
Q

invagination of cecum

A

appendix

68
Q

small irregular lumen

A

appendix

69
Q

”tonsil of the abdomen”

A

appendix

70
Q

how many zones is the anal canal divided into

A

3

71
Q

1-2cm in length & simple columnar epithelium portion of the anal canal

A

Colorectal Zone

72
Q

muscularis mucosae disappears in this portion of the anal canal

A

Anal Transitional Zone (ATZ)

73
Q

mixed epithelium portion of the anal canal

A

Anal Transitional Zone (ATZ)

74
Q

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium portion of the anal canal

A

Squamous Zone

75
Q

out growth of epithelium of the digestive tract

A

accessory organs

76
Q

connects to the digestive tract through ducts

A

accessory organs

77
Q

the tail of pancreas points to what part of the spleen

A

hilum

78
Q

what percent of the pancreas function is exocrine

A

98%

79
Q

what part of the pancreas are endocrine?

A

islet of langerhans

80
Q

synthesize and secrete different enzymes that lead to duodeumnum

A

pancreas

81
Q

what form are pancreatic enzymes secreted in

A

inactive

82
Q

secretes sodium bicarbonate

A

pancreas

83
Q

function of sodium bicarbonate

A

buffer chime

84
Q

secretory portion of gland

A

Acini

85
Q

produce insulin & glucagon

A

Islets of Langerhans

86
Q

secrete sodium bicarbonate

A

intercalated duct

87
Q

supplies 25% of blood to the liver

A

hepatic artery

88
Q

supplies oxygenated blood to the liver

A

hepatic artery

89
Q

supplies deoxygenated, nutrient rich blood to the liver

A

hepatic portal vein (75%)

90
Q

blood in the hepatic portal vein comes from

A

stomach
large intestine
spleen

91
Q

what system has two capillary beds?

A

portal

92
Q

why is it important for the liver to remove bilirubin from the blood

A

toxic to body

93
Q

six sides functional units of the liver

A

hepatic lobules

94
Q

specialized cells of the hepatic lobules

A

hepatocytes

95
Q

how does bilirubin leave the liver

A

with bile

96
Q

Hepatocytes have microvilli that extend into a perisinusoidal space called

A

space of Disse

97
Q

the space between the endothelial cells and hepatocytes

A

space of Disse

98
Q

The largest cells lining the sinusoids of the hepatic lobules

A

Kupffer Cells

99
Q

stellate macrophages

A

Kupffer Cells

100
Q

involved with the breakdown of some damaged or old RBCs that reach the liver from the spleen

A

Kupffer Cells

101
Q

these cells store hepatic vitamin A

A

Hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells)

102
Q

life span of an RBC

A

120 days

103
Q

how much bile can the gallbladder hold?

A

30-50 mL

104
Q

not organize so gallbladder can squeeze hard to release bile

A

musculares externa

105
Q

contains a lot of mitochondria

A

gallbladder

mia's anatomy: unit 2 (7 decks)

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