LOPHOPHORATES Flashcards
Phylum?
Bryozoa
Phylum?
Phoronida
Phylum?
Brachiopoda
Protostome or deuterostome?
Protostome, but with some deuterostome characteristics (Radial indeterminate cleavage, Mouth is secondary opening, Enterocoely)
What is the name of the oral feeding structure?
Lophophore
Shape of the gut?
U-shaped
Where are they found?
Benthic marine except for a few freshwater bryozoans
What type of body plan?
Trimeric body plan (prosome, mesosome, metasome with separate, paired coelomic compartment)
What do Bryozoans look like?
Colonial. Feathery, encrusting, and reef-building.
In some cases, zooids are polymorphic with different functions.
Outer casings gelatinous, chitinous, or calcified.
define cystid (Bryozoans)
Outer casing and living tissue that lines it
define polypide (Bryozoans)
Lophophore and soft viscera
How do bryozoans feed and digest?
Cilia on lophophore tentacles create water currents.
One band of frontal cilia, two lateral bands.
Food particles bounced back and forth and move towards mouth.
How do bryozoans maintain homeostasis?
Circulation of metabolites mostly by diffusion since very small.
Gas exchange across body wall.
How do bryozoans reproduce and develop?
Asexual by budding to produce new zooids.
Most simultaneous hermaphrodites with transient gonads
Internal fertilization with brooding of zygotes.
Radial, holoblastic cleavage. Coeloblastula.
Mouth secondary opening.
Usually free-swimming planktonic larva.
How do brachiopods attach to the substratum?
pedicle
Describe the valves of a brachiopod
Body enclosed in two unequal valves. Larger ventral valve on top.
How do brachiopods maintain homeostasis?
Open circulatory system with contractile heart.
Gas exchange probably at tentacles and mantle.
One or two pairs of metanephridia.
How do brachiopods reproduce and develop?
No asexual reproduction.
Gonochoristic with transient gonads. Gametes released through nephridiopores. External fertilization.
Holoblastic, radial cleavage. Coeloblastula, gastrulation by
invagination.
What do phoronids look like?
Worm-like body without much specialization.
Lophophore and endbulb.
Chitinous tube secreted by epidermis.
How do phoronids feed and digest?
Slit-like mouth located between lophophoral ridges.
Cilia on tentacles create currents.
Food trapped in mucus and passed to food groove.
U-shpaed gut means anus near mouth.
Current such that feces and nitrogenous waste are swept away from mouth.
How do phoronids reproduce and develop?
Asexual transverse fission and budding.
Gonochoristic and hermaphroditic.
Transient gonads on peritoneum.
External fertilization.
Radial, indeterminate cleavage.
Coeloblastula and gastrulation by invagination.
What type of larva in phoronids?
Actinotroch larva.
