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Psychology 1 > Long Test 2: Nervous System, Neurons, And Endocrine System > Flashcards

Long Test 2: Nervous System, Neurons, And Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Three major systems in our body

A

Sensory system
Motor system
Nervous system

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2
Q

This system leads to awareness, acquisition of knowledge and information. We have 5 senses.

A

Sensory system

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3
Q

The system that is responsible for our bones, muscles, and glands

A

Motor system

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4
Q

2 types of glands and differentiate

A

Endocrine (glands inside body) and Exocrine (chemicals are released outside body: tear, salivary, mammary

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5
Q

Connects sensory system to motor system

A

Nervous system

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6
Q

Responsible for muscle movement, perception, automatic functions such as breathing & secretion of hormones & thoughts & feelings

A

Nervous system

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7
Q

Basic functional unit of the nervous system or the brain

A

Neurons

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8
Q

What makes neurons special?

A
  1. It transmits messages
  2. Fixed and definite no. of neurons upon conception: 100B
  3. Never regenerate
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9
Q

Bundles of Neurons found in PNS

A

Nerves (Somatic & Autonomic)

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10
Q

Bundles of Neurons found in CNS

A

Brains & Spinal Cord

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11
Q

Neurons with myelin sheath?

A

Myelinated sheath; Bundle: White Matter

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12
Q

Neurons without myelin sheath?

A

Unmyelinated Neurons; Bundle: Gray Matter

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13
Q

3 kinds of Neurons

A 
Afferent Neurons (sensory neurons)
Efferent Neurons (motor neurons)
Interneuron (connecting/association neurons)
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14
Q

Transmits messages from sensory receptors to Spinal Cord & Brain

A

Afferent Neurons

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15
Q

Transmits messages from Spinal Cord & Brain to muscles & glands

A

Efferent Neurons

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16
Q

Neurons only in CNS

A

Interneuron

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17
Q

It connect neuron to another neuron

A

Interneuron

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18
Q

How is the process done in receiving messages?

A

Message - cell body - nucleus - axon - axon terminal - dendrites - dendrites of another neuron - cell body

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19
Q

Part of neuron:

Transmits info to other neurons; releases neurotransmitters

A

Axon

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20
Q

Part of neuron:

Determines the function of the neuron

A

Nucleus

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21
Q

Part of neuron:

Fatty cover

A

Myelin sheath

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22
Q

3 reasons why Myelin Sheath is important

A
  • source of nourishment
  • support neurons
  • protects axon
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23
Q

Part of neuron:

Receive impulses from other neurons

A

Dendrites

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24
Q

It is a gap/junction between two neurons (axon terminal and dendrites of another)
Connects 2 neurons

A

Synapse

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25
Q

Is synapse part of Neuron?

A

No

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26
Q

It is where chemical reactions take place to connect axon of one neuron to dendrites of another

A

Synapse

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27
Q

It support the neurons

A

Glial Cells

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28
Q

Two types of Nervous Sytem

A

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

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29
Q

Parts of CNS

A

Tracts of Neurons: Brain and Spinal Cord

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30
Q

It transmits messages from receptors to brain and from brain to muscles and glands

A

Spinal Cord

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31
Q

Parts of PNS

A

Nerves: Somatic Neurons and Autonomic Neurons

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32
Q

Aka Chemical Messengers because they cause chemical changes from one neuron to another and travel thru synapse

A

Neurotransmitters

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33
Q

6 Neurotransmitters

A 
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Endorphins
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34
Q

Controls muscle contractions, heart beat, and stimulate excretion of hormones
First neurotransmitter to be identified
Prevalent in Hippocampus

A

Acetylcholine

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35
Q

To perceive pleasure

A

Dopamine

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36
Q

Opposite of Adrenaline
Mood disorders
Increase blood pressure

A

Norepinephrine

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37
Q

Emotional arousal and sleep

A

Serotonin

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38
Q

Calms anxiety

A

GABA

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39
Q

Contraction of endogenous morphine

Locks in pain-causing chemicals

A

Endorphins

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40
Q

Three parts of the brain

A

Hindbrain
Midbrain
Forebrain

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41
Q

3 parts of Hindbrain

A

Pons Varoli
Medulla Oblongata
Cerebellum

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42
Q

Part of Hindbrain:

Related to awareness and consciousness to environment and how you feel about your body

A

Pons Varoli

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43
Q 
Part of Hindbrain:
Assoc w/ involuntary movements
Makes you alive: vital process
Thus, control breathing
May be activated from hypothalamus
A

Medulla Oblongata

44
Q

Part of Hindbrain:

Voluntary movements

A

Cerebellum

45
Q

Part of the Midbrain

A

Reticular Formation

46
Q

It is responsible for the degree of our awareness, attention, and consciousness
Controls your boredom

A

Reticular Formation

47
Q

4 parts of Forebrain

A

Thalamus
Cerebrum
Limbic System
Hypothalamus

48
Q

Part of Forebrain:

Involved in the relay of sensory information

49
Q

Part of Forebrain:

Deals with thought processes and movement

50
Q

2 Hemispheres in Cerebrum and differentiate

A

Left H - controls right part of body; academic & logical

Right H - controls left part of body; creative side

51
Q

Part of Forebrain:

Connects the 2 hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

52
Q

When Corpus Callosum is damaged, what may occur

A

No connection of the hemispheres = disorder (dyslexia, etc) & no coordination of two hemispheres (unable to move)

53
Q

Part of Forebrain:

Receives messages from thalamus

54
Q

4 lobes and functions

A

Parietal - TTS (taste, touch, and smell)

Occipital - eyesight

Frontal - listening, thinking, talking, voluntary movements

Temporal - hearing

55
Q

Part of Forebrain:

Receives messages from lobes and is where memories are stored

A

Limbic System

56
Q

2 parts of Limbic System

A

Amygdala and Hippocampus

57
Q

Part of Limbic System:
Where emotions are stored
Angry before, still angry now

58
Q

Part of Limbic System:
Where senses are stored

Remember taste of food, it is stored here

A

Hippocampus

59
Q

Part of Forebrain:
Functions of internal organs

Angry before, no feelings now

You remember the feeling but can still control your emotions as of the moment

A

Hypothalamus

60
Q

Aka Center for Emotions

Also for voluntary actions

A

Hypothalamus

61
Q

Diff: Hypothalamus and Medulla Oblongata

A

Hypothalamus - gives meaning to life because you can control emotions

Medulla - makes you alive because it is responsible for vital processes

62
Q

Diff: Hypothalamus and Amygdala

A

Hypothalamus - just remember the feeling

Amygdala - still feel the feelings

63
Q

Part of PNS:
Regulated by Cerebellum

Skeletal Muscles

Striated

A

Somatic System

64
Q

Part of PNS:
Regulated by Medulla Oblongata

Smooth muscles

Muscles in organs (lungs, heart, kidney, liver)

A

Autonomic System

65
Q

2 divisions of Autonomic System

A

Sympathetic Division

Parasympathetic Division

66
Q

Differentiate Sympathetic Division and

Parasympathetic Division

A

Sympathetic Division

  • aka energy utilization
  • during: dangerous situations/ alert situations
  • fight/flight reaction

Parasympathetic Division

  • aka energy conservation/storage
  • during: rest and relaxation
  • normal function in of internal organs
67
Q

Explain: sympathetic and parasympathetic division ‘s relationship

A

They work together even with opposite functions for balance

68
Q

It regulates the endocrine system

A

Autonomic System

69
Q

It is a collection of glands that produce hormones with different functions

A

Endocrine system

70
Q

What is the root words of endocrine

A

Endo - within

Crinis - to secrete

71
Q

What are the two types of glands

A
  1. Glands with ducts - w/ pipe

2. Glands without ducts

72
Q

Pituitary Gland

  • Location
  • Hormones released
A

Location: base of brain
Releases: human growth hormone, prolactin, oxytocin

73
Q

It is called as master gland because it regulates the function of other glands

A

Pituitary gland

74
Q

When HGH is released, it also activates what because it controls growth of muscle and bone

75
Q

It regulates the maternal behavior

76
Q

When oxytocin is released, it also activates what?

77
Q

Is responsible for uterine contraction, and it is only released by female during menstruation

78
Q

Thyroid Gland

  • Location
  • Hormones released
A

Location: below larynx
Releases: Thyroxine

79
Q

This is the gland that helps in metabolism

A

Thyroid gland

80
Q

This hormone is released by the thyroid gland and it helps in metabolism

81
Q

What is metabolism

A

Helps in digestion process and convert it to energy

82
Q

Parathyroid Gland

  • Location
  • Hormones released
A

Located: w/in thyroid gland
Releases: parathyroid hormone

83
Q

This gland regulates calcium

A

Parathyroid gland

84
Q

This hormone regulates calcium and increases phosphate levels to normal

A

Parathyroid hormone

85
Q

Adrenal Gland

  • Location
  • Hormones released
A

Location: top of kidneys
Releases: epinephrine, norepinephrine, and aldosterone

86
Q

This hormone is released when stressed

Aka adrenaline

A

Epinephrine

87
Q

Epinephrine is activated where?

A

Sympathetic division, Autonomic, PNS

88
Q

Hormone is released when relaxed

A

Norepinephrine

89
Q

Norepinephrine is activated where

A

Parasympathetic division, Autonomic, PNS

90
Q

This hormone regulates water and electrolyte levels in the blood

A

Aldosterone

91
Q

Islets of Langerhans

  • Location
  • Hormones released
A

Located: w/in pancreas
Releases: Insulin and Glucagon

92
Q

This hormone decreases blood glucose levels

93
Q

This hormone increases blood glucose levels

94
Q

Pineal Gland

  • Location
  • Hormones released
A

Located: thalamus
Releases: melatonin

95
Q

It regulates sleep-wake cycle

A

Pineal gland

96
Q

This hormone is stimulated by daylight so it helps us to combat jetlagged and insomnia

97
Q

Also known as the sex glands

98
Q

Gonads is divided into two

A

Female Ovaries

Male Testes

99
Q

Female ovaries releases two kinds of hormones, what are these and their functions?

A

Progesterone - releases egg cells during puberty; responsible for primary sexual characteristics

Estrogen - develops and maintains the secondary sexual characteristics such as hair follicles, breast/mammary glands

100
Q

It is definite when conceived around 50 to 200

101
Q

Testes releases what hormones

A

Testosterone

102
Q

This Hormone releases sperm cells during puberty and may produce 200,000,000 to 200,000,000,000 sperms in a day

A

Testosterone

103
Q

If you have too much sperm cells it will be automatically released through what

A

Wet dreams

104
Q

What are the possible reasons why wet dreams may not occur

A

No sperm cells
ejaculation
Sexually active

105
Q

This is the first menstruation

106
Q

This is the first release of sperm

Psychology 1 (7 decks)

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