Finals: Sensation Flashcards
What is sensation
Activation of sense organs
It is the transmission of sensory info to CNS
Sensation
Process of conversion of stimulus to sensory impulses
Transduction
Sensation needs
Stimulus and Sensory Receptors
It reacts to physical stimulus
Sensory Receptors
Types of Sensory Receptors and differentiate each
Exteroceptors - receive sensory info from outside the body
Interoceptors - receive sensory info from inside the body
Proprioceptors - receives unconscious info
Types of Exteroceptors
By contact
Taste
Touch
By distance
Sight
Smell
Hearing
Detect internal body sensation
Interoceptors
Respond to pain from internal organs
Visceral receptors
Stomach pain, skin inflammation, blood pressure are under what
Interoceptors
Detect body position in space and movement
Proprioceptors
Classifications of Proprioceptors
Muscles
Tendons
Joints
Two proprioceptors
Kinesthetic Sensation
Vestibular Sensation
Interoceptor
Organic Sensation
VISUAL SENSATION Stimulus Sense Organ Receptor Sense of
Light waves
Eye
Retina, Rods, Cones
Sense of Sight
AUDITORY SENSATION Stimulus Sense Organ Receptor Sense of
Sound Waves
Ear
Basilar Membrane
Sense of Hearing
OLFACTORY SENSATION Stimulus Sense Organ Receptor Sense of
Volatile Substance
Nose
Olfactory Bulb
Sense of Smell
GUSTATORY SENSATION Stimulus Sense Organ Receptor Sense of
Soluble Substance
Tongue
Tastebud
Sense of Taste
CUTANEOUS SENSATION Stimulus Sense Organ Receptor Sense of
External Contact
Skin
Free-nerve endings
Sense of Touch
KINESTHETIC SENSATION Stimulus Sense Organ Receptor Sense of
Body Movement
Muscle, Tendons
Nerve Fibers in MTJ
Sense of Active Movement
VESTIBULAR SENSATION Stimulus Sense Organ Receptor Sense of
Gravitational Forces
Inner Ear
Hair Cells of SemiCircular Canals
Sense of Passive Movement
ORGANIC SENSATION
Sense Organ
Receptor
Sense of
Sensory Fibers of Organs
Visceral Receptor
Sense of Internal Bodily Movement
Weakest level of stimulus
Absolute Threshold
Absolute Threshold: Vision
Candle flame, 30 miles
Absolute Threshold: Hearing
Tick of clock, 20 ft
Absolute Threshold: Smell
One drop of Perfume, 6-room apartment
Absolute Threshold: Touch
Bee’s wing on cheek, 1 cm
Absolute Threshold: Taste
1 teaspoon of sugar, 2 gallons of water
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radiowaves Microwaves Infrared Radiation Visible Light Ultraviolet Xrays Gamma Rays
Active progress where sensation is organized and interpreted
Perception
How brains make sense of the info
Perception
Reaction to stimulus
Perception
A process by which we organize or make sense of the sensory impressions caused by the light that strikes our eyes
Visual Perception
The tendency to integrate perceptual elements into meaningful patterns
Perceptual Organization
A type of perceptual grouping which is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision.
Figure-Ground Perception
“Identifying a figure from the background”
Figure-Ground Perception
The perceptual tendency to group together objects that are near to one another
Proximity
The perceptual tendency to group together objects that are similar in appearance
Similarity
Wearing formal in casual dinner, you’re out of place
Similarity
The tendency to perceive a series of points or lines as having unity
Continuity
To expect what would happen next; presence of expectation
Continuity
See the sky dark, it will rain
Continuity
The tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in the sensory input
Closure
Every beginning must have an ending
Closure
You imagine what will close the subject
Closure
The tendency to perceive elements that move together as belonging together
Common Fate
Observing others and following it; following a line to cr
Common Fate
The use of contextual information or knowledge of a pattern in order to organize parts of the pattern
Top–down processing
Ex: will teach chef with what’s in book
Top–down processing
The organization of the parts of a pattern to recognize or form an image of the pattern they compose
Bottom-up Processing
Ex: learning from book
Bottom-Up processing
based on change of position relative to other objects
Perception of Motion
- used to create an illusion of depth
- Also called pictorial cues
- cues can be perceived by one eye
Monocular Cues
- also help us perceive depth
- cues that involve both eyes
Binocular Cues
-the tendency to perceive an object as the same size even though the size of its image on your retina varies as a function of its distance
Size Constancy
is the tendency to perceive objects as retaining their color even though lighting conditions may alter their appearance.
Color Constancy
-the tendency to perceive an object as being just as bright even though lighting conditions changes its intensity
Brightness Constancy
-is the tendency to perceive objects as maintaining their shape, even if we look at them from different angles
Shape Constancy
