Last Topics Prelims: Gonads and Development Flashcards
How many chromosomes does an egg cell have?
23 chromosomes
How many chromosomes does an sperm cell have?
23 chromosomes
What do you call a cell with 23 chromosomes only? Before being a regular cell
Haploid cell
After the union of the sperm and egg cells, they’ll be known as?
Regular cell = sex cell
Sex cell will result to what?
Zygote
What is a chromosome?
It carries the hereditary traits
How many chromosomes does a regular cell have?
46 chromosome
The 1st-22nd chromosomes of the body determines what?
The body structure
It is the 1st-22nd chromosomes
Body chromosomes
It is the 23rd chromosome
Sex cell, which determines the gender
The female have what chromosome
X
The male may have what chromosome
X or Y
After coitus, how to know the gender of baby
XX - female
XY - male
1st menstruation of female
Menarche
Last menstruation of female
Menopause
Do men have limited reproductive years?
None, they can release sperm cell as long as they live
What are the 4 chromosomal abnormalities and their chromosome indicator
XYY
XXX - Down’s Syndrome
X only - Turner’s Syndrome
XXY - Klinefelter’s Syndrome
Unusually aggressive, found in hospitals because of social problems
XYY Chromosomes
Sex cells are okay, problem is 2 X chromosomes in 21st pair, therefore have 47 chromosomes
Down’s Syndrome
Will not mature sexually
No menstruation
Has 45 chromosomes
Turner’s Syndrome
Has both organs, but one gender will be more dominant
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
It is known as only 1 child born upon birth
Singleton
Why do we have twins?
When zygote divides
When zygote divides exactly in middle, what will happen
Identical twins
Identical twins is also known as
Monozygotic twins
Did not separated properly, may be joined in one part of body
Conjoined twins
Conjoined twins are previously known as
Siamese
If twins have same sex, they’ll be known as
Identical twins
They may be resulted from too much release of egg cells
Fraternal twins
Is it possible that fraternal twins may have different fathers?
Yes, a sperm can live in a womb for 48 hours
Reasons why too much egg cells may drastically be released at the same time
When contraceptives have been stopped being used = eggs will mature altogether
Or
Result of irregular menstruation
Known as the children from different zygotes
Multiple births
This is the first stage in developmental stage
Prenatal Stage
Period of Zygote
Conception to 2 weeks
Period of embryo
2 weeks to 2 months
Period of fetus
2 months to birth
Period when the mother doesn’t know she’s pregnant
Zygote
The most critical period because female will know if she’s pregnant and a human body is seen
Embryo
Why is Embryo Stage the most critical period
- Decision to continue
- In denial that she’s pregnant
- Some may be caused by rape
You must consider reaction of friends and families
Time when the vital part of the baby is developing
Embryo stage
Movements of baby can be felt
Fetus Period
The first kick of fetus
Flip-flop / quickening
Shorted period of all life stages
Infancy stage
Also known as “period of adjustments”, why?
Infancy stage, because baby will adjust from internal environment of mother’s womb to outside environment
Type of birth where the vaginal opening should be expanded up to 10 cm
Normal delivery
If an opening is not enough, what is left to do
A cut may be done and then sewed back
Type of delivery where a cut is open below the kidney and no pain will be felt up to two weeks
Cesarian Delivery
Type of birth done as last resort and may be done through forceps and vacuum
Instrument Birth
Another type of birth
Birth in water
Aka “foundation age” because person experience things for the first time
Babyhood Period
Aka “Age of Negativism” because baby will do the opposite of what is told
Babyhood period
Period of babyhood
2 weeks to 2 years
Child enters preschool
Early childhood preschool
Early childhood period
2 years to 6 years
Middle childhood period
6 years to puberty
Adolescence
Puberty to legal age
Legal age for female and male
Female - 18 yrs
Male - 21 yrs
Last stage of developmental stage
Adulthood
Longest of all stages even those > 100 yrs old
Adulthood
Female reproductive age is until around
45 years old
Cite the Developmental Stage
- Prenatal
A. Zygote (conception-2wks)
B. Embryo (2wks-2mos)
C. Fetus (2mos-birth) - Infancy stage (birth-2wks)
- Babyhood period (2wks-2yrs)
- Childhood Period
A. Early childhood (2yrs-6yrs)
B. Middle Childhood (6yrs-puberty) - Adolescence (puberty-legal age)
- Adulthood (legal age-death)
What is Development?
Progressive changes brought about by maturation and changes
Process of getting older
Maturation
Aka “ripening” / “getting older” / pagtanda
Maturation
What is being inherited?
Physical and Mental Traits
Found in chromosomes
Genes
How many genes per chromosome
Approx 22,000
Classifications of Genes
Dominant Recessive (usually defective)
2 kinds of environment
Internal environment
External environment
Anything happening inside body
Internal environment
2 types of internal environment
Extracellular
Intracellular
Happening outside cell, blood and other liquids, synapse, hormones
Extracellular
Happening inside cell, myelin sheath
Intracellular
2 phases of external environment
Prenatal
Post-natal
Prenatal is when
Mother and fetus
Post natal happens when
After birth
Interactions of heredity and environment.
What’s from heredity and environment
Heredity - physical traits, motor skills
Environment - interest, characteristics
