Long Test 1 Flashcards
What is Psychology?
Study of Human Behavior
What is Behavior?
Reactions or responses of man towards stimulus
What is Stimulus?
A force that activates response/change causing one to act/react
What is Reaction?
Bodily response aroused by a stimulus
What is a theory?
An organized set of concepts that explains a phenomenon or set of phenomena
What are the two types of Reactions? Differentiate
Overt Response
- detected by sensory organs
- easily observed
Covert Response
- can’t be directly observed
- happens internally
- physiological actions/conditions (hunger, thirst, sickness), process of thinking, emotions
What is the relationship between Overt and Covert Response?
Ex: thinking of what to say (covert), then saying what you mean (overt)
Your covert response must be the sane with your overt response, otherwise miscommunication may occur
Two types of stimulus
Voluntary and Involuntary
Etymology of Psychology
Psyche - soul
Logos - discourse/study
= study of soul
In soul, there is what?
Life
Without soul, there is ____
Death
What is the manifestation of soul?
The process of movement/motion. When a body is moving, it has a soul.
How is movement studied by Greek Philosophers?
through observation
what do you develop upon observation? is it always correct?
you develop an assumption, not always correct
also known as an intelligent guess
hypothesis
what did Aristotle said?
beauty is in nature
What did Plato said?
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder
What did Socrates said?
“Know thyself” through process of introspection
What is Democritus trying to say?
Mind influence the body, body influence the mind.
We are influenced by external factors, then internal factors influence the mind.
He said the change in nature (sx, lx) results to change in responses
Gustav Theodor Fechner
He is the Father of Modern Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
Who established the first laboratory
Wilhelm Wundt
A movement, group of psychologists with one belief
School of Psychology
What are the schools of Psychology
SF BGP
Structuralism Functionalism Behaviorism Gestalt Psychoanalysis
Give their points: Structuralism Functionalism Behaviorism Gestalt Psychoanalysis
Structuralism (conscious mind) Functionalism (environment) Behaviorism (reward, punishment) Gestalt (behavior is based on perception, pattern/configuration) Psychoanalysis (unconscious mind)
Proponents of Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt
Edward Titchener
Proponents of Functionalism
William James
John Locke
Charles Darwin
Proponents of Behaviorism
John B. Watson
B. F. Skinner
Proponents of Gestalt
Max Wertheimer
Kurtkoffha
Wolfgang Kohler
Proponents of Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
Alfred Alder
3 elements of structuralism
Physical Sensation - events
Feelings/Affections - response
Images - memory
In Functionalism, what do we do to be able to adapt to environment?
We learn skills
Why do we need to adapt to environment?
For survival
Behaviorism is explained only by?
Overt - because it is easily observable = it is scientific
Two types of consequences and their results and what people do
Pleasant Experience - reward - repetition
Unpleasant Experience - punishment - avoidance
Why is behaviorism inadequate?
Some people keep on doing things even if they have a bad experience, because they love doing it
Gestalt says that we understand because we follow certain what
Configurations or patterns
Gestalt said this is the basis for unserstanding
Configuration
Gestalt, Patterns are from?
Experiences
Context (Environment)
Differentiate Gestalt and Behaviorism
Gestalt - behavior is based on experiences and context
Behaviorism - there should be a reward or punishment
In Psychoanalysis, covert or overt?
Covert
Psychoanalysis, experiences and memories are stored where?
Unconscious mind
Psychoanalysis, painful memories coming back results to?
Tension and stress
What are the 5 perspectives?
Biological Cognitive Humanistic-Existentialism Psychodynamic Learning
What is biological perspective trying to say
We think the way we do because of how our minds is built
The biological component of our body affects how we behave
What is Cognitive perspective saying
It attempts to study the mind
Focused on mental processes
Behavior is influenced by values, choices, interpretation of situations
Differentiate Humanism and Existentialism and relate them
Humanism - self-awareness, knowing yourself, man is capable of self-fulfillment
Existentialism - man is free to choose
You choose what you want to be through self-actualization.
What is Psychodynamic perspective saying
Our behavior is influenced by unconscious mind and childhood experiences
Stress and tension can be released in a positive way
What are the two learning perspectives. What do they imply
Social-Cognitive - how you analyze and utilize information
Socio-Cultural - affected by ethnicity, gender, culture not only on biological differences
