Long Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

Study of Human Behavior

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2
Q

What is Behavior?

A

Reactions or responses of man towards stimulus

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3
Q

What is Stimulus?

A

A force that activates response/change causing one to act/react

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4
Q

What is Reaction?

A

Bodily response aroused by a stimulus

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5
Q

What is a theory?

A

An organized set of concepts that explains a phenomenon or set of phenomena

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6
Q

What are the two types of Reactions? Differentiate

A

Overt Response

  • detected by sensory organs
  • easily observed

Covert Response

  • can’t be directly observed
  • happens internally
  • physiological actions/conditions (hunger, thirst, sickness), process of thinking, emotions
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7
Q

What is the relationship between Overt and Covert Response?

A

Ex: thinking of what to say (covert), then saying what you mean (overt)

Your covert response must be the sane with your overt response, otherwise miscommunication may occur

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8
Q

Two types of stimulus

A

Voluntary and Involuntary

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9
Q

Etymology of Psychology

A

Psyche - soul
Logos - discourse/study

= study of soul

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10
Q

In soul, there is what?

A

Life

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11
Q

Without soul, there is ____

A

Death

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12
Q

What is the manifestation of soul?

A

The process of movement/motion. When a body is moving, it has a soul.

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13
Q

How is movement studied by Greek Philosophers?

A

through observation

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14
Q

what do you develop upon observation? is it always correct?

A

you develop an assumption, not always correct

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15
Q

also known as an intelligent guess

A

hypothesis

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16
Q

what did Aristotle said?

A

beauty is in nature

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17
Q

What did Plato said?

A

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder

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18
Q

What did Socrates said?

A

“Know thyself” through process of introspection

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19
Q

What is Democritus trying to say?

A

Mind influence the body, body influence the mind.

We are influenced by external factors, then internal factors influence the mind.

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20
Q

He said the change in nature (sx, lx) results to change in responses

A

Gustav Theodor Fechner

21
Q

He is the Father of Modern Psychology

A

Wilhelm Wundt

22
Q

Who established the first laboratory

A

Wilhelm Wundt

23
Q

A movement, group of psychologists with one belief

A

School of Psychology

24
Q

What are the schools of Psychology

A

SF BGP

Structuralism
Functionalism
Behaviorism
Gestalt
Psychoanalysis
25
``` Give their points: Structuralism Functionalism Behaviorism Gestalt Psychoanalysis ```
``` Structuralism (conscious mind) Functionalism (environment) Behaviorism (reward, punishment) Gestalt (behavior is based on perception, pattern/configuration) Psychoanalysis (unconscious mind) ```
26
Proponents of Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt | Edward Titchener
27
Proponents of Functionalism
William James John Locke Charles Darwin
28
Proponents of Behaviorism
John B. Watson | B. F. Skinner
29
Proponents of Gestalt
Max Wertheimer Kurtkoffha Wolfgang Kohler
30
Proponents of Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Alfred Alder
31
3 elements of structuralism
Physical Sensation - events Feelings/Affections - response Images - memory
32
In Functionalism, what do we do to be able to adapt to environment?
We learn skills
33
Why do we need to adapt to environment?
For survival
34
Behaviorism is explained only by?
Overt - because it is easily observable = it is scientific
35
Two types of consequences and their results and what people do
Pleasant Experience - reward - repetition | Unpleasant Experience - punishment - avoidance
36
Why is behaviorism inadequate?
Some people keep on doing things even if they have a bad experience, because they love doing it
37
Gestalt says that we understand because we follow certain what
Configurations or patterns
38
Gestalt said this is the basis for unserstanding
Configuration
39
Gestalt, Patterns are from?
Experiences | Context (Environment)
40
Differentiate Gestalt and Behaviorism
Gestalt - behavior is based on experiences and context Behaviorism - there should be a reward or punishment
41
In Psychoanalysis, covert or overt?
Covert
42
Psychoanalysis, experiences and memories are stored where?
Unconscious mind
43
Psychoanalysis, painful memories coming back results to?
Tension and stress
44
What are the 5 perspectives?
``` Biological Cognitive Humanistic-Existentialism Psychodynamic Learning ```
45
What is biological perspective trying to say
We think the way we do because of how our minds is built | The biological component of our body affects how we behave
46
What is Cognitive perspective saying
It attempts to study the mind Focused on mental processes Behavior is influenced by values, choices, interpretation of situations
47
Differentiate Humanism and Existentialism and relate them
Humanism - self-awareness, knowing yourself, man is capable of self-fulfillment Existentialism - man is free to choose You choose what you want to be through self-actualization.
48
What is Psychodynamic perspective saying
Our behavior is influenced by unconscious mind and childhood experiences Stress and tension can be released in a positive way
49
What are the two learning perspectives. What do they imply
Social-Cognitive - how you analyze and utilize information | Socio-Cultural - affected by ethnicity, gender, culture not only on biological differences