Loire Valley Pt 3 - Viticulture and Winemaking Flashcards
Why are grapes left on the vine longer in the Loire?
The region is close to the historical northern limit for grapegrowing and therefore need to be left hanging later to achieve ripeness.
What techniques have grape growers adopted to optimise ripeness.
Canopy management techniques such as short-pruning, de-budding and green harvesting. These along with climate change have led to earlier harvesting.
What are the most common training methods in the Loire?
Guyot and cordon.
What hazards do wineries face in practicing organic, biodynamic or sustainable viticultural practices?
Significant humidity and rainfall in the growing season. However it is practiced.
When does harvest begin in Loire?
Since the early 2000’s, harvest starts around the 15th September. It runs into November for late-harvest grapes.
What is the order of harvesting?
Melon from Pays Nantais and Sparkling grapes first. Cabernet Franc and late-harvest Chenin Blanc are last.
Why and where is hand-picking required in Loire?
In certain appellations (eg Cremant de Loire) and for late-harvest wines to select grapes infected with botrytis.
What does “tris” mean in harvesting?
It is picking in passes through the vineyard in stages to handpick botrytis infected grapes.
What is the main winemaking technique for white wines in Loire?
Anaerobic/Reductive winemaking to preserve natural acidity, freshness, aromas and flavours. Malaolactic fermentaion is avoided. Many are aged on lees.
Which vessels are used to make white wine in Loire?
Mainly thermoregulated stainless steel for temperature control. There is some use of large oak vats.
Is chaptalisation permitted for white wines in Loire?
Yes but only in certain years and under certain conditions.
Which grapes are used for sweet wines in Loire?
Mainly Chenin Blanc. However Malvoisie (Pinot Gris) and Romarantin are usd in specific AOCs.
Is oak used for sweet wines in Loire?
Not widely. A few producers use old oak. It gives slight oxidation which adds complexity.
When is sweet wine bottled and matured?
Simple wines are bottled quickly after fermentation. Great wines are aged for years before bottling.
What method is used to make Rose wine in Loire?
By direct press or Saignee method.
