Local Anaesthetics

Question 1

Name some local anaesthetics which are licensed in small animal

Answer 1

Procaine
Lidocaine
Mepivicaine
Bupivicanine - not licensed, lasts longer than lidocaine so use on cascade

Question 2

Name 4 routes you can use local anaesthetics

Answer 2

Topical
Nerve blocks
Epidural
Interpleural

Question 3

What is a soaker cannula and when is it used

Answer 3

Relatively large bore (6 - 12 French) catheters with very tiny holes
Allow distribution of local anaesthetic into the surgical site
Placed just before closing the incision and secured to the skin at the end of the surgery

Question 4

What does IVRA stand for and give an example of when it would be used

Answer 4

IVRA = intravenous regional anaesthesia
Use in a toe amputation
Tourniquet and desanguinate distal limb, inject lidocaine and it will only diffuse up to the tourniquet

Question 5

Why would you do a constant rate infusion of lidocaine

Answer 5

Decreases MAC and opioid use
Avoid in cats

Question 6

Name 3 the methods of local anaesthesia for flank surgery in farm animals

Answer 6

1. Line block
2. Inverted L blok
3. Paravertebral block

Question 7

Give 2 ways you can check if a local flank block has worked in farm animals

Answer 7

The spine will bend towards the side you blocked
Vasodilation in the skin - will be very warm

Question 8

Name 2 blocks used for foot surgery in farm animals

Answer 8

“Ring” block
IVRA

Question 9

Name 4 blocks used for eye surgery in farm animals, and give example situations

Answer 9

Local infiltration/ring - eyelid surgery
Retrobulbar block - enucleation
Peterson block - enucleation
Auriculopalpebral block - stops them blinking, doesn’t block pain

Question 10

Name 3 types of local blocks used for teat surgery in farm animals

Answer 10

Ring block
IVRA
Paravertebral/epidural

Question 11

Which drug is licensed for local blocks in cattle, and what are the contraindications

Answer 11

Procaine
Contraindication - epidural or IV use

Question 12

Which drug is licensed for local blocks in horses, and what are the contraindications

Answer 12

Lignocaine
Contrandications - IV use

Question 13

Name the 5 regional blocks of the horse head which may be used when undertaking eye surgery

Answer 13

1. Supraorbital nerve block
2. Lacrimal
3. Zygomatic
4. Intertrochlear
5. Retrobulbar

Question 14

Which nerve does the supraorbital nerve block affect and what structures does it desensitise

Answer 14

Frontal nerve
Desensitises the upper eyelid

Question 15

Which nerve does the lacrimal nerve block affect and what structures does it desensitise

Answer 15

Lacrimal nerve
desensitised the lateral canthus

Question 16

Which nerve does the zygomatic nerve block affect and what structures does it desensitise

Answer 16

Zygomatic nerve
Desensitises the lower eyelid

Question 17

Which nerve does the infratrochlear nerve block affect and what structures does it desensitise

Answer 17

Infratrochlear nerve
Desensitises the medial canthus including the third eyelid.

Question 18

Which nerve does the retrobulbar nerve block affect and what structures does it desensitise

Answer 18

Optic and trigeminal nerve
Sensory innervation inside eye and motor innervation around the eye