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Week 2&3 FCP > CPR > Flashcards

CPR Flashcards

1
Q

Name a few of the causes of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA)

A

Severe trauma
Hypovolaemia
Cardiac arrhythmias
pH abnormalities
Drugs and toxins
Severe electrolyte disturbances
Anaesthesia complications

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2
Q

What are the features of acute failure of the cardio-respiratory systems

A

Lack of oxygen delivered to the tissues
Unconsciousness and systemic cellular death
Cerebral hypoxia

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3
Q

What is the time frame between loss of oxygen supply to the brain and brain death

A

4-6 mins

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4
Q

Give the 3 main signs of cardio-pulmonary arrest (CPA)

A

Loss of consciousness
Apnoea or agonal gasping
No corneal reflex or palpebral reflex

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5
Q

What is the process of basic life support

A

Initiate CPR - chest compressions and ventilation
CAB = Circulation, Airway, Breathing

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6
Q

What are the two types of chest compressions and what different animals are they used on

A

Cardiac pump - animals <10kg
Thoracic pump - animals >10kg

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7
Q

How fast (bpm) should cardiac pump compressions be

A

100-120bpm

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8
Q

How fast (bpm) should thoracic pump compressions be, and why is it different to cardiac pump

A

60-120bpm
Wider range as the depth of compression more important than the speed

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9
Q

How to get an airway during basic life support (x3)

A

Clear manually or with suction
ET Tube
Emergency tracheotomy if obstruction which cannot be cleared

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10
Q

What type of ventilation is required in basic life support, and how is this achieved

A

PPV - positive pressure ventilation
AMBU bag normally
Mouth-to-snout ventilation - zoonotic risk

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11
Q

What the is approximate tidal volume in ml/kg and why is this important to know

A

Total volume = 10ml/kg
Important as if you go over this => iatrogenic barotrauma, pulmonary haemorrhage or pneumothorax

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12
Q

What is the approx. ventilation rate during basic life support

A

10 breaths per min
= 6 seconds = 1 breath

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13
Q

What are the 3 extra steps in advanced life support compared to basic life support (after chest compressions and ventilation)

A

Monitoring
Obtaining vascular access
Administering reversals

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14
Q

What machines can you use to monitor patients (advanced life support)

A

Capnograph - ETCO2 is the important value
ECG - allows rhythm assessment - is it shockable or not

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15
Q

What value of ETCO2 suggests that your compressions are good enough

A

> 15-20mmHg

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16
Q

Name the 3 main vessels that we use to obtain vascular access

A

Cephalic
Saphenous
Jugular

17
Q

What are the 2 back up plans for if you cannot gain IV access by the cephalic, saphenous or jugular

A

Intraosseous route
Intratracheal

18
Q

Name the reversal agent for alpha 2 agonists

A

Atipamazole

19
Q

Name the reversal agent for opioids

A

Naloxone

20
Q

Name the reversal agent for benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil

21
Q

If you have ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (PVT), name the 3 methods to convert them to asystole or PEA

A

Defibrilation
Pre-cordial thump
Medical conversion - lidocaine/amiodarone

22
Q

What does asystole look like on an ECG

A

Flat line

23
Q

What does pulseless electrical activity (PEA) look like on an ECG

A

Completely normal

24
Q

Do you shock/defibrilate if the patient is in asystole or PEA

A

No

25
Q

Name 3 drugs you may use when a patient is in asystole or PEA

A

Adrenaline - low dose
Vasopressin
Atropine

26
Q

What does ROSC stand for and how to recognise it

A

ROSC = Return of Spontaneous Circulation
Capnograph - sudden increase In ETCO2
Return of consciousness/reflexes

27
Q

Give 4 considerations when giving post-ROSC care

A
  1. Animal may re-arrest
  2. Respiratory optimisation - beware of hyperoxia and oxidative damage with reperfusion
  3. Cardiovascular optimisation - bear of fluid overload
  4. Hypothermia - can be beneficial, re-warm slowly

Week 2&3 FCP (20 decks)

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