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Glider 1 (chap.1 and 2) > Loads and Load Factors > Flashcards

Loads and Load Factors Flashcards

1
Q

How is airplane strength measure?

A

Airplane strength is measured by the total load the wings are able to carry

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2
Q

What does the load imposed on the wings depend on?

A

They depend on the type of flight

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3
Q

The wings must not only support the weight of the airplane but it must also support?

A

It must also support the loads imposed during maneuvers

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4
Q

What is WING LOADING?

A

wing loading is the GROSS WEIGHT of the airplane divided by the AREA of the lifting surfaces

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5
Q

How is wing loading expressed?

A

It is expressed in (Ib. per sq. ft)

ex. Number of each Ib the sq ft of lifting surface must support.

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6
Q

What is SPAN LOADING?

A

Span loading is the GROSS WEIGHT divided by the SPAN

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7
Q

How is span loading expressed?

A

Span loading is expressed in (Ib. per foot)

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8
Q

What is POWER LOADING?

A

power loading is the GROSS WEIGHT divided by the HORSEPOWER of the engine(s)

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9
Q

How is power loading expressed?

A

Power loading is expressed in (Ib. per hp)

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10
Q

What is a DEAD LOAD?

A

dead load is the weight of an airplane standing on the ground alone

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11
Q

What is the additional loading called when the airplane is in flight?

A

It is called a LIVE LOAD

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12
Q

How does the weight of the airplane increase when it is in flight?

A

The weight of the airplane increases many times by ACCELERATION

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13
Q

What is the definition of acceleration?

A

the definition of acceleration is (rate of change of speed or by the change of direction)

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14
Q

What is the LOAD FACTOR?

A

it is the RATIO of the actual load acting on the GROSS WEIGHT of the airplane

(ratio of live load to dead load)

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15
Q

what happens when the airplane is in LEVEL FLIGHT?

A

when the airplane is in level flight the wings is exactly equal to the weight of the airplane

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16
Q

What is the load factor when the airplane is in level flight?

A

When the airplane is in level flight the load factor is 1

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17
Q

What happens when the maneuvers changes?

A

When the maneuver changes and causes acceleration. Centrifugal forces enters and bring a change in the load factor

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18
Q

What happens in a level turn at a bank angle of 30 degrees?

A

the load factor of the wings is increased to 1.15

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19
Q

What happens in a level turn at a bank angle of 60 degrees?

A

the load factor of the wings is increased to 2

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20
Q

What is the LANDING LOAD FACTOR?

A

it is the total load acting upwards on the wheels in a hard landing

21
Q

What would the landing load factor be if the load acting upwards on the wheels were three times the weight of the airplane in the hard landing?

A

The landing factor in this case would be 3

22
Q

what does the load factor of 3 expressed?

A

The load factor of 3 expresses 3G

23
Q

What does the letter G refer to?

A

The letter G refers to the word ‘Gravity’

24
Q

What does 3G mean?

A

3G means that the load on the wings equal to three times the weight of the airplane due to gravity alone

25
Q

What are LIMIT LOAD FACTORS?

A

limit load factors are the maximum limit to which an aircraft is designed

26
Q

Is it possible to exceed the limits load factors?

A

yes it is possible

27
Q

Should the limit load factors be exceeded?

A

No, it shouldn’t be exceeded intentionally because there is a possibility of causing permanent set or distortion of the structure

28
Q

List 5 flight maneuvers that imposed high load factors

A

1) Steep turns
2) Pull-outs
3) flick rolls
4) tail slides
5) inverted loops

29
Q

What happens to an airplane that is flying at TWICE ITS STALL SPEED if the angle of attack is abruptly increased to maximum lift?

A

The load factor would be 4

30
Q

What would the load factor at 3 times the stall speed be?

A

the load factor would be 9G

31
Q

What would the load factor at 4 times the stall speed be?

A

the load factor would be 16G

32
Q

Can weight result in high load factors?

A

yes

33
Q

What happens when the airplane is heavily loaded?

A

When the airplane is heavily loaded the allowable factors will reduce accordingly and the pilot is likely to damage the structure in the maneuvers that would normally be safe.

34
Q

What should a pilot do in any degree of turbulence?

A

In any degree of turbulence it is important to reduce the air speed to prevent damage to the airplane structure

35
Q

What are gusts?

A

Gusts are rapid and irregular fluctuations of varying intensity in the upward and downward movement of air currents (strong rush of wind)

36
Q

What is Gust load?

A

when the total lift were to exceed the total weight by a factor of —– the airplane would experience —G acceleration

Ex. factor of 2 would experience 2G acceleration

37
Q

encounter with any degree of turbulence, the airspeed should be reduce to what?

A

it should be reduce to the maneuvering speed

38
Q

What is the maneuvering speed?

A

Its the maximum speed in which the controls can be made without exceeding the design limit load factor and damaging the airplane structure

39
Q

what does POH stand for?

A

Pilot operating handbook

40
Q

Normal category airplanes are certified to withstand what load factor?

A

They are certified to withstand 3.8G

41
Q

What is the maneuvering speed when the load factor is 3.8G?

A

the maneuvering speed is 1.9 times the stall speed at gross weight

42
Q

How many airspeed fluctuations those a light turbulence cause?

A

5 to 15 knots

43
Q

How many airspeed fluctuations those a severe turbulence cause?

A

25 knots

44
Q

How happens to the stall speed when weight decreases?

A

when weight decreases so does the stall speed

45
Q

The airplane can only go at maneuvering speed when..

A

the airplane is at gross weight

46
Q

When in a turbulence what is the safest airspeed?

A

Depending on the total weight of the aircraft. The safest speed ranges bet. 1.6 and 1.9 times the flaps-up, power-off stall speed.

(speed below maneuvering speed but above the stall)

47
Q

What is the accepted procedure for a flight when it is in a turbulence?

A

1) Keep wings level

2) maintain a normal pitch attitude and move controls smoothly and slowly to recover from attitude displacement.

48
Q

What do you not want to do when your flight is in a turbulence?

A

do not try to maintain altitude

49
Q

What is important to do when your flight is in turbulence?

A

Try to maintain attitude and airspeed

Glider 1 (chap.1 and 2) (15 decks)

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