LO 2

Question 1

Define: Matter

Answer 1

Occupies space, has mass

- 3 states: solid (chair), liquid (H2O, plasma), gas (CO2)

Question 2

Define: Energy

Answer 2

Capacity to do work

Question 3

Define: Potential Energy

Answer 3

Inactive or stored energy

- ex. battery

Question 4

Define: Kinetic Energy

Answer 4

Energy in motion

- ex. water falling, battery discharging electricity

Question 5

What are the 3 forms of energy?

Answer 5

Chemical, radiant, electrical

Question 6

Define: Chemical Energy

Answer 6

Energy stored in chemical bonds and energy is released when the bonds are broken
- ex. ATP-> ADP +energy

Question 7

Define: Radiant Energy

Answer 7

Travels in waves such as heat and light

- ex. xrays

Question 8

Define: Electrical Energy

Answer 8

Movement of charged particles (ions)

- utilized in function of nervous an muscle tissue

Question 9

Define: Atoms

Answer 9

• smallest unit
• composed of protons(+) and neutrons(0) in the nucleus, and electrons(-) orbiting around the nucleus
• Number of Protons is constant & determines the type of element

Question 10

Define: Element

Answer 10

• Composed of one type of atom
• An element cannot be split by normal chemical means
• Elements combine to form matter
• 92 natural elements & 118 different elements

Question 11

How many elements are there in the human body? Which elements make up 96% of the human body?

Answer 11

• 26

- Carbon (C); Hydrogen (H); Nitrogen (N); Oxygen (O)

Question 12

Which elements make up 3.8% of the human body?

Answer 12

• Calcium (Ca); Phosphorus (P); Potassium (K); Sulphur (S); Sodium (Na); Chlorine (Cl); Magnesium (Mg); Iron (Fe)

Question 13

Which element is considered a trace element? 0.2%

Answer 13

Iodine (I)

Question 14

Define: Atomic number

Answer 14

Equals the number of protons in the nucleus

-ex. Hydrogen=1; Carbon=6

Question 15

Define: Mass number

Answer 15

Equals the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 16

Define: Isotopes

Answer 16

Have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons. Therefore they have the same atomic number, but a different mass number
0-16 has 8 protons and 8 neutrons
0-17 has 8 protons and 9 neutrons
0-18 has 8 protons and 10 neutrons

Question 17

Define: Atomic mass

Answer 17

Measured by daltons or by atomic mass unit (amu)

• Protons= 1.007 amu
• Neutron= 1.008 amu
• Electron= 0.0005 amu (little mass)

Question 18

Define: Radioisotope

Answer 18

Heavier isotopes that are unstable and decompose spontaneously to a more stable form, emitting radiation during the decay

Question 19

Define: Half-Life

Answer 19

• rate of decay varies for different isotopes
• time it takes to lose half of its radioactivity
• each isotope as a specific half time

Question 20

Define: Valence

Answer 20

Atoms are found in electron shells

• 1st= 2e; 2nd= 8e; 3rd= 18e [2(n^2)- n=shell number]
• the valence is the number of electrons given up, taken in, or shared

Question 21

Define: Ion

Answer 21

An atom carrying a charge

• Cation= has given up an electron and become + charged
• Anion= has gained an electron and become - charged

Question 22

Define: Molecule

Answer 22

Two or more atoms combines to share electrons

• atoms may be the same (2H atoms as H2 gas)
• OR atoms may be differents (O and H as H2O)

Question 23

Define: Compound

Answer 23

Can be broken down into two or more different elements by chemical means
- NaCl is broken into Na and Cl

Question 24

Define: Ionic bonds

Answer 24

Force of attraction between oppositely charge ions

- bound together by the attraction between oppositely-charged ions

Question 25

Define: Covalent bonds

Answer 25

When atoms fill their outer shell by sharing electrons | - bound by shared electrons

Question 26

Define: Hydrogen bonds

Answer 26

Forms a weak link to a molecule (usually O or N)

Question 27

What's the difference between a solvent? And a solute?

Answer 27

Solvent- the dissolving substance (a liquid); greatest amount - ex. water Solute- the substance being dissolved; present in smaller amount - ex. salt

Question 28

Define: Solution

Answer 28

- Homogeneous mixture (can't see the diff components) - Clear and transparent - Gases, solids, or liquids

Question 29

Define: Colloid

Answer 29

- Homogeneous mixture - Translucent or milky - Solute particles are larger but do not settle out

Question 30

Define: Suspension

Answer 30

- Heterogeneous mixture (don't mix) | - large visible particles that separate when standing

Question 31

Define: Electrolyte solution

Answer 31

Ions in solution that carry and electrical charge

Question 32

Chemical Reactions: | Define: Metabolism

Answer 32

definition = the condition of change | - The total of all chemical reactions in an organism

Question 33

Chemical Reactions: | Define: Anabolism

Answer 33

Group of metabolic reactions that build up larger molecules from smaller units A + B --> AB (amino acids combine to form protein) *requires energy

Question 34

Chemical Reactions: | Define: Catabolism

Answer 34

*think catastrophe= thinks are breaking apart Group of metabolic reactions that break down large molecules into smaller units AB --> A + B ( protein is broken down to amino acids) *usually release energy

Question 35

Chemical Reactions: | Define: Exchange

Answer 35

Partly synthesis and partly decomposition AB + CD --> AC + BD (glucose phosphate + ADP --> glucose + ATP)

Question 36

Chemical Reactions: | Define: Reversible

Answer 36

Product produced can revert back to original form by the use of catalysts A + B AB

Question 37

Story of Chemical Reactions

Answer 37

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