Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APHY 191 > LO 1 > Flashcards

LO 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Anatomy

A

The relationship of body parts to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define: Gross Anatomy

A

Concerned with body structures visible to the naked eye

Heart, lungs, skin, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define: Microscopic Anatomy

A

Concerned with body structures that can only be seen with the aid of a microscope
(Blood cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define: Physiology

A

Functions of body parts, How things work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define: Chemical level

A
  • Simplest level of organization

Atoms such as Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen combine to form molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define: Cellular level

A
  • Second simplest level

Molecules combine to form structural components of individual cells (muscle cells, brain cells and blood cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define: Tissue level

A
  • Third simplest level
    Groups of similar cells make up tissue
    ex. brain cells make brain tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A

1) Epithelial tissue
2) Connective tissue
3) Muscle tissue
4) Nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define: Organ level

A
  • Third highest level

Combination of at least two types of tissue in a structure, called an organ, which performs a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define: System level

A
  • Second highest level

Combination of several related organs that have a common function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define: Organism level

A
  • Highest level or organization

All systems together to make the total living body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the levels of structural organization from the most complex, to the simplest

A

Organism level, System level, Organ level, Tissue level, Cell level, Chemical level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1) Gross Anatomy 2) Microscopic anatomy 3) Physiology
Which one matches the following statement?
-The lateral surface of the kidney is convex

A

Gross Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1) Gross Anatomy 2) Microscopic anatomy 3) Physiology
Which one matches the following statement?
- Cells of kidneys

A

Microscopic anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1) Gross Anatomy 2) Microscopic anatomy 3) Physiology
Which one matches the following statement?
- Urine formation begins with glomerular filtration

A

Physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1) Gross Anatomy 2) Microscopic anatomy 3) Physiology
Which one matches the following statement?
- The more pointed end of the heart is called the apex

A

Gross Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

1) Gross Anatomy 2) Microscopic anatomy 3) Physiology
Which one matches the following statement?
- Contraction of the heart is triggered by action potential

A

Physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1) Gross Anatomy 2) Microscopic anatomy 3) Physiology
Which one matches the following statement?
- Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus

A

Microscopic anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe: Skeletal System

A
  • Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and joints

- Provides protection, support, movement, site of blood production, and storage of minerals ( Ca & Phosphorus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe: Nervous system

A
  • Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

- Electrical regulation of body activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe: Endocrine system

A
  • Hormone-producing glands and cells
  • Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands
  • Chemical regulation of body activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two types of systems that regulate body activities?

A

1) The nervous system (electrical regulation)

2) The endocrine system (chemical regulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe: Muscular system

A
  • Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

- Movement, posture, heat production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe: Integumentary system

A
  • Skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

- Protection, eliminates some body waste, regulates temperature, involved in vitamin D production, pain receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe: Cardiovascular system

A
  • Heart, blood vessels and blood

- Carries oxygen and nutrients to tissues, carries CO2 and waste away from tissues, regulates body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe: Lymphatic and Immune system

A
  • Lymphatic vessels and tissue
  • Spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, tonsils
  • Returns tissue fluid to the blood stream
  • Produces the immune response to protect against invading organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe: Respiratory system

A
  • Lungs and a series of passages leading in and out of the body
  • Pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes
  • Diaphragm
  • Supplies oxygen to the bloodstream and eliminates CO2, regulates acid-base balance, vocal sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe: Digestive system

A
  • Gastrointestinal tract and associated organs
  • Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, sm & lrg intestine, anus
  • Pancreas, liver, gallbladder
  • Physical and chemical break down of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe: Urinary system

A
  • Kidneys, Bladder, Ureters, and Urethra

- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes, regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe: Reproductive system

A
  • Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
  • Testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, penis
  • Reproduces the human species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define: Homeostasis

*What is an important aspect of homeostasis?

A

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal body environment

  • An important aspect of homeostasis is maintaining the volume and composition of body fluids
  • The balance to keep us healthy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the feedback system? And what are the 3 basic components?

A

It is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, change, remonitored, reevaluated, and so on.
- A receptor, a control center, and an effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a controlled condition in a feedback system? And what is a stimulus?

A

Controlled condition - A monitored variable such as body temperature, blood pressure, or blood glucose levels
Stimulus - Any disruption that changes a controlled condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the role of a receptor?

A

A body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends INPUT (in the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals) to a control center (afferent pathway= information flows toward the control center)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the role of a control center?

A

It sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained (set point), evaluates the input it receives from receptors, and generates OUTPUT (nerve impulses, chemical signals, or hormones) commands when they are needed. (efferent pathway= information flows away from the control center)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the role of an effector?

A

It is a body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition
- Nearly every organ or tissue in the body can behave as an effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Operation of a feedback system:
A _____ disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a ______ that is monitored by ______ that send nerve impulses or chemical signals (input) to a ______ that receives the input and provides nerve impulses or chemical signals (output) to ____ that bring about a change or response that alters ______, which returns to _____ when the response brings the controlled condition back to normal.

A

Operation of a feedback system:
A STIMULUS disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a CONTROLLED CONDITION that is monitored by RECEPTORS that send nerve impulses or chemical signals (input) to a CONTROL CENTER that receives the input and provides nerve impulses or chemical signals (output) to EFFECTORS that bring about a change or response that alters THE CONTROLLED CONDITION, which returns to HOMEOSTASIS when the response brings the controlled condition back to normal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What’s the difference between a negative and a positive feedback system?

A

Negative - reverses a change in a controlled condition
* ex. if blood pressure is high, negative feedback system kicks in to lower blood pressure
Positive - strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions
* The effector produces a physiological response that adds to or reinforces the initial change in the controlled condition. The action continues until it is interrupted by some mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Secretes hormones that regulate body processes

A

Endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Rids the body of nitrogenous waste

A

Urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Removes CO2 from the blood

A

Respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Brain, spinal cord and nerves are part of this system

A

Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Damaged skin due to excessive exposure to the sun

A

Integumentary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- This system is responsible for the movement of bones

A

Muscular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Provides a rigid framework for the brain

A

Skeletal system

46
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Heart, arteries and veins

A

Cardiovascular system

47
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Testis, vas deferens, and urethra

A

Reproductive system

48
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Breaks down food materials into sm molecules that are absorbed through the intestine

A

Digestive system

49
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Main site of Calcium storage

A

Skeletal system

50
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Critical thinking

A

Nervous system

51
Q

Which body system matches with this statement?

- Pancreas, adrenal and thyroid glands

A

Endocrine system

52
Q

Define: Supine

A
  • Lying on the back with facing upward

- Palms up holding a soup bowl

53
Q

Define: Prone

A
  • Lying face down

- Palms facing to your back

54
Q

Define: Superior

A

Toward the head

55
Q

Define: Inferior

A

Away from the head, towards your toes

56
Q

Define: Anterior (ventral)

A

Toward the front of the body

57
Q

Define: Posterior (dorsal)

A

Toward the back of the body

58
Q

Define: Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

59
Q

Define: Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

60
Q

Define: Intermediate

A

The location of the second cuneiform bone in each foot

61
Q

Define: Ipsilateral

A

If body is cut vertically, they are on the same side of the body

62
Q

Define: Contralateral

A

If the body is cut vertically, they are on the opposite side of the body

63
Q

Define: Proximal

A

Nearer to the point of attachment on the trunk

** Used only when talking about limbs

64
Q

Define: Distal

A

Farther away from the point of attachment on the trunk

** Used only when talking about limbs

65
Q

Define: Superficial

A

Toward or at the surface of your body

66
Q

Define: Deep

A

Away from the surface of your body

67
Q

Define: Midsagittal plane or median sagittal

A

Vertical line dividing the body into equal left and right parts

68
Q

Define: Sagittal plane

A

Vertical line dividing the body into unequal left and right parts

69
Q

Define: Frontal (coronal) plane

A

A vertical line dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts

70
Q

Define: Transverse (horizontal) plane

A

A horizontal line dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

71
Q

Define: Oblique

A

A line that passes through the body at an angle (any angle, other than 90)

72
Q

Which does not belong?

Superior, distal, inferior

A

Distal

73
Q

Which does not belong?

Anterior, posterior, deep

A

Deep

74
Q

Which does not belong?

Medial, proximal, lateral

A

Proximal

75
Q

Which does not belong?

Proximal, distal, ipsilateral

A

Ipsilateral

76
Q

Which does not belong?

Dorsal, distal, ventral

A

Distal

77
Q

The elbow is _____ to the wrist

A

Proximal

78
Q

The forehead is ______ to the chin

A

Superior

79
Q

The stomach is _______ to the spine

A

Anterior (ventral)

80
Q

The heart is _____ to the liver

A

Superior

81
Q

The liver is _______ to the lungs

A

Inferior

82
Q

The buttocks are on the _____ side of the body

A

Posterior (dorsal)

83
Q

The palm is _____ to the elbow

A

Distal

84
Q

The heart is ____ to the lungs

A

Medial

85
Q

Which plane divides an organ into superior and inferior parts?

A

Transverse plane

86
Q

Which plane vertically divides the body into unequal left and right parts?

A

Sagittal plane

87
Q

Which plane divides an organ into equal left and right parts?

A

Midsagittal plane

88
Q

Which plane vertically divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

A

Frontal plane

89
Q

What is the cranial cavity?

pic on p. 17 notes

A

Formed by the skull bones, and contains the brain

90
Q

What is the vertebral cavity?

pic on p. 17 notes

A

Formed by the vertebrae of the back bone and contains the spinal cord and the start of spinal nerves

91
Q

What is the thoracic cavity?

pic on p. 17 notes

A

Within the chest

- Contains the lungs, the heart, thymus, esophagus (digestive system) and trachea (respiratory system)

92
Q

What is the mediastinum?

pic on p. 17 notes

A

It is the central region where all of the organs in the thoracic cavity (heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea), except the lungs, are located
See p. 18 for pic

93
Q

How is the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavity seperated?

A

By the diaphragm

94
Q

What are the two parts of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

1) Superior part = Abdominal cavity

2) Inferior part = Pelvic cavity

95
Q

What is the Abdominal cavity?

pic on p. 17 notes

A

Contains the stomach, small intestine, liver, spleen, gallbladder, and most of the large intestine

96
Q

What is the Pelvic cavity?

pic on p. 17 notes

A

Contains the bladder, lowest portion of the large intestine and the internal reproductive organs

97
Q

What are the 3 cavities that are totally enclosed regions within the body?

A

1) Pleural cavity
2) Pericardial cavity
3) Peritoneal cavity

98
Q

What is the Pleural cavity?

A

The potential space between the membranes
- Contains the lungs and is formed by the visceral pleura (outer surface of the lungs) and the parietal pleura (lines the thoracic cavity)

99
Q

What is the Pericardial cavity?

A

Contains the heart and is formed by visceral pericardium (inner layer of the heart) and parietal pericardium (outer layer of the heart)
- located within the mediastinum

100
Q

What is the Peritoneal cavity?

A

The potential space between the parietal peritoneum (lines the abdominopelvic cavity) and visceral peritoneum (formed by the serosa layers of most organs) that is, the two membranes that separate the organs in the abdominal cavity from the abdominal wall.
*Some organs still lie outside the peritoneal cavity, such as kidneys, adrenal glands and pancreas

101
Q 
Abdominopelvic quadrants (9):
Quadrants 1&3 - Hypochondriac region
A

hypo= below; chondria= cartilage

- Below rib cartilage (cartilage is attached to sternum)

102
Q 
Abdominopelvic quadrants (9):
Quadrant 2 - Epigastric region
A

epi= above (upon); gastric = stomach

Above your stomach

103
Q 
Abdominopelvic quadrants (9):
Quadrant 4&6 - Lumbar region
A

Lumbar= back

104
Q 
Abdominopelvic quadrants (9):
Quadrant 5 - Umbilical region
A

Around belly button

105
Q 
Abdominopelvic quadrants (9):
Quadrant 7&9 - Iliac(inguinal) region
A

Pelvic (hip) bone

106
Q 
Abdominopelvic quadrants (9):
Quadrant 8 - Hypogastric (pubic) region
A

Hypo= below; gastric= stomach

Below stomach

107
Q

How are the quadrants made? 3 type of lines

A

1) Midclavicular lines - verticles lines down from the midpoint of each clavicle, just medial to the nipples
2) Sub-costal line - horizontal line inferior to rib cage
3) Transtubercular line - horizontal line slightly inferior to tops of hipbones

108
Q

How else can you divide the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Into 4 quadrants:

Right upper quadrant, Left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

109
Q

The brain is located in the:

a) Cranial cavity
b) Vertebral cavity
c) Mediastinum
d) Thoracic cavity

A

a) Cranial cavity

110
Q

The thoracic cavity includes the:

a) Mediastinum and vertebral cavity
b) Cranial cavity and mediastinum
c) Abdominopelvic cavity
d) Mediastinum

A

d) Mediastinum

111
Q

The lungs are located within the:

a) Mediastinum
b) Thoracic cavity
c) Vertebral cavity
d) Dorsal body cavity

A

b) Thoracic cavity

APHY 191 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions