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Lizzy- Queen, Gov, Religion Flashcards

1
Q

What were Elizabeth’s initial problems? (7)

A
  • Religious disputes
  • Civil problems (people’s wellbeing)
  • Bloodline
  • Trusted Councillors
  • Successor
  • Potential invasion
  • Gender
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2
Q

What were the pros and cons of choosing high ranking nobles? What did she do?

A
  • influence + knights
  • no experience or ability
  • picked ten powerful, high ranking nobles
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3
Q

What were the pros and cons of keeping Mary’s advisors? What did she do?

A
  • experiences
  • Catholic
  • kept 10 of them as well as relatives and trusted councillors
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4
Q

What kind of attitude did Elizabeth have in court?

A
  • cautious
  • tactful/sensitive
  • decisive
  • praised and thanked people
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5
Q

How did she arrange her court in order to get a range of views?

A

Mix of powerful nobles
Catholics
Trusted colleagues

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6
Q

How did she manage trusted advisors? Who did she take/not take?

A
  • Kept a unofficial inner council
  • Chose William Cecil as Secretary of State
  • Did not take on Robert Dudley
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7
Q

What year did Elizabeth come to the throne?

A

1558

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8
Q

Why was England in debt when Elizabeth came to throne? How much were they in debt?

A

War with France
£300,000

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9
Q

Where did a country’s money come from?

A
  • Rent or sale of crown land
  • Fines in court
  • Customs duties
  • Feudal dues
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10
Q

Who looked after the Crown’s money?

A

Exchequer

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11
Q

What three things did Elizabeth do to strengthen the royal finances?

A
  • Severely cut govt. spending
  • Strictly monitor costs of her household
  • Sold crown land
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12
Q

How much money did Elizabeth have by 1585?

A

£600,000

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13
Q

From which three countries did Elizabeth face a threat of invasion from?

A

Scotland, France, Spain

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14
Q

Why did she face a threat of invasion from Scotland?

A
  • Mary Queen of Scots married to French heir
  • French soldiers in Scotland
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15
Q

Why did she face a threat of invasion from Spain?

A
  • Most powerful and wealthy country in Europe/ empire
  • Catholic
  • Philip II had been Mary Tudor’s husband
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16
Q

Why did she face a threat of invasion from France?

A
  • Already at war with them
  • Wanted Mary Queen of Scots to be queen of England
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17
Q

What were the pros and cons of continuing French war?

A

PROS:
- military victory
- Calais
- End threat from France-Scotland
- Look strong

CONS:
- No interest/ no connection to Spain anymore
- No resources
- Could not afford Spanish dues
- Defeat would be bad

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18
Q

Describe how Elizabeth mitigated the French invasion.

A
  • Cateau-Cambrésis peace treaty
  • Calais lost forever
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19
Q

How much money did Elizabeth spend on weaponry?

A

£100, 000

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20
Q

What weaponry did she get?

A

military arms, pike heads, bows, gunpowder, munitions, guns

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21
Q

What did she do that would increase likelihood of invasion from Spain and France? What type of invasion?

A
  • Reinstate Protestant Church
  • Religious crusade
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22
Q

What did Spain do after Elizabeth came to throne and why?

A
  • Kept good terms with England
  • He was more worried about France
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23
Q

Why did people doubt Elizabeth as a ruler?

A
  • She was a girl :(
  • Considered physically, emotionally and intellectually inferior to men
  • Mary T was a disaster (French war)
24
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s legitimacy an issue? How did she solve this?

A
  • Henry divorced Catherine without the Pope’s permission so his marriage with Anne was considered illegal
  • Elizabeth declared herself legitimate
25
Who were Elizabeth's four marriage options?
Robert Dudley Phillip II Duke of Anjou Archduke Charles
26
Why did she reject Dudley?
Low status Killed his own wife? Make English noblemen jealous
27
Why did she reject Phillip II?
Catholic Married to Mary T when she was alive Dragged into French war again
28
Why did she reject Anjou? (they had a passionate love affair and a 22 year age gap)
Catholic French Dragged into Spain war again
29
Why did she reject Archduke Charles
Roman Catholic Rejected by protestant councillors
30
What was the Act of Supremacy and which two monarchs carried it out?
- Monarch becomes head of church - Henry Viii and Elizabeth I
31
Describe 5 features of Roman Catholicism
- Pope is head - Cardinals, Archbishops, Bishops and Priests beneath - Bible and services in Latin - Only priests can connect with God - Only Church can forgive sins - Miracle takes place in mass when bread and wine turns into body and blood of Christ - Priests are special and wear vestements - Churches are highly decorated - Seven sacraments - Priests are forbidden to marry
32
Describe 5 features of Protestanism
- No pope - No cardinals/ bishops etc. - Bible and Services in common lang. - People have own relationship w god - only god can forgive sins - Bread and wine simply represent Last supper/ no miracle - priests are not special/ no special clothing - only two sacraments: baptism and holy communion - priests can marry
33
What is holy communion?
Bread and wine eating and drinking during mass
34
What is absolution?
Confessing sins to priests release of guilt
35
What is excommunication? bonus: which monarch was excommunicated?
Thrown out of Catholic Church and damned to hell Henry VIII
36
What is mass?
The ceremony of when the miracle happens bread and wine ---> blood and body
37
What is transubstantiation?
bread and wine ----> blood and flesh
38
What are vestments?
Special Catholic priest clothes
39
What are sacraments?
Love and gifts of God: - marriage - baptism - Eucharist etc.
40
What is a heretic?
Disagreeing or refusing the religion os the monarch + church
41
What is a recusant?
Refusing to attend church
42
What is a Presbyterian?
Extreme puritan
43
What were the two parts of Elizabeth's Religious Settlement?
- Act of Supremacy - Act of Uniformity
44
What was the Act of Supremacy?
- Elizabeth is head of Church - All clergy swear oath of allegiance to her - makes church officially protestant
45
What was the Act of Uniformity?
- everybody should attend church - churches should be decorative - common prayer book
46
What were the Royal Injunctions?
- falls under uniformity act - common book (ambiguous) - contains instructions to clergy to help them in services
47
Why did many catholics accept the Religious Settlement?
- called herself Supreme Governor not Head - kept bishops and decorations - did not punish catholics - they didn't really want connections with catholic Europe after MaryT
48
Why did some catholics challenge the Religious Settlement?
- nobody knows how long it will last - don't want to compromise - regarded E as an illegitimate heretic
49
What powerful Catholic opposition was there in England?
- Supporters of Mary Queen of Scots
50
Why did Puritans oppose the Religious Settlement?
- did not want bishops/ elected commities - no head of church/ or supreme governor - did not want priests wearing religious robes - didn't like wording of prayer book - decorative churches
51
What powerful support did the puritans have?
MPs in the House of Commons Earl of Leicester and Sir Francis Walsingham in Queen's Council
52
How was Mary Queen of Scots related to Elizabeth?
Elizabeth was her aunt
53
Why was Mary Queen of Scots a threat to Elizabeth?
- legitimate claim to throne - wedded with a heir (James VI) - links to france (married to king and her mother was French) - links to scotland (queen in 1842) - Catholic (seen as 'true' queen)
54
Describe Mary's married life
1. Married French heir at 16 - he died 2 years later 2. Married Lord Darnley - unstable alcoholic - his house was burned and he was found strangled in the garden 3. Married Earl of Bothwell (suspect of Darnley's murder): - kidnapped and raped her
55
Why did Mary run to England?
- forced to abdicate after she was imprisoned by Scottish govt. for marrying her husband's killer suspect
56
What did Elizabeth do to Mary?
- imprisoned her for 19 years - sneakily executed by Elizabeth's council

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