Cold War Crisises Flashcards

Question

Consequences of Brezhnev doctrine

Answer 1

From now on USSR claimed right to invade any east country that threatened security of eastern bloc USA condemned invasion but didn’t do anything (feared war) Western European communist parties were horrified and declared themselves independent from the soviet communist party Yugoslavia and Romania also backed off from ussr, weakening the ussr grip on Eastern Europe

Answer 2

Brezhnev doctrine meant that ussr reserved right to invade any country in eat Europe Other east Europe states were required to rigidly stick to soviet style of communism or risk invasion

Answer 3

Western troops remained in Berlin Wall solved refugee problem Although it wasn’t nice it was better than war, and suggested user didn’t want a fully communist Berlin like before, which was good The Wall was a humiliation for the Soviet Union and a propaganda victory for the West, as it suggested that East Germans preferred living in capitalist West Germany and had to be forced to stay in communist East Germany.

Answer 4

Ich bin ein Berliner Expression of solidarity with West Berlin, fact that Kennedy chose to visits the west demonstrated that usa and nato were prepared to defend the west from communist attack

Answer 5

There were 2 germanys There were 2 diff ideologies (cap and com) There were 2 diff alliances (nato and Warsaw pact)

Answer 6

Communist Cuba survived as Kennedy gave assurances that USA wouldn’t invade again USSR looked weak as the world didn’t know the USA removed missiles from Turkey. This undermined Khrushchev and Brezhnev replaced him in 1964 US doves came out too, as their desire to avoid war resulted in missiles being withdrawn

Answer 7

16th Oct- President Kennedy is informed that US spy planes have found missile sites on Cuba. 22nd Oct- Kennedy decides against an attack. Orders a blockade of Cuba. 24th Oct- ussr says a blockade is an action of aggression and its ships will ignore it 25th Oct- USA and Soviet Union prepare for immediate nuclear attack 27th Oct- Cuba gets ready for invasion. Khrushchev offers to remove missiles from Cuba if USA does the same from its Italy and Turkey bases. A US spy plane is shot down over Cuba. US'hawks' demand retaliation. Robert Kennedy sets up a deal in which the USA would secretly withdraw warheads from Italy and Turkey. 28th Oct- Khrushchev agree to the deal: missiles withdrawn in return for USA agreeing never to attack Cuba and taking its missiles out of Italy and Turkey.

Answer 8

USA initiated movement towards détente Hotline agreement Limited test ban treaty (1963)- both sides agreed to ban nuclear weapon testing expert underground tests Outer space treaty 1967- no nuclear weapons in space Nuclear non proliferation treaty 1968- no nuclear weapons being given to other countries MAD

Answer 9

US and west Germany condemned it and Brezhnev doctrine ‘rape of Czechoslovakia’ But no military support was given by them. They were already in Vietnam war and didn’t want international crisis Communist leaders were appalled by invasion, so countries like France and Italy therefore began to end their links with USSR

Answer 10

Limited reforms in other east bloc countries who feared soviet invasion Strengthened soviet control over east bloc Countries like Poland pursued policies that ignore public opinion, which increasingly demanded change- protests

Answer 11

The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia did little to damage the growing détente between East and West. This was helped by the fact that relatively few people (less than 100) died as a result of the invasion. • However, the invasion did create a sense of complacency in Brezhnev’s mind. He believed that any Soviet military intervention in areas that contained pro-Soviet governments would not be challenged by the United States. This view proved to be mistaken following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.