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History > Lizzy- Challenges To Lizzy At Home And Abroad > Flashcards

Lizzy- Challenges To Lizzy At Home And Abroad Flashcards

1
Q

What were the three plots against Elizabeth and their dates?

A

Ridolfi plot - 1571
Throckmorton plot - 1583
Babington plot - 1586

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2
Q

Which country(s) were involved in the Ridolfi Plot?

A

Spanish Empire

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3
Q

Who was the Ridolfi plot named after? What did he do? What was the aim of the Ridolfi plot?

A

Roberto Ridolfi, an Italian banker
Wrote to Spanish commander with a plan to successfully invade England

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4
Q

Who were the key people involved in the Ridolfi plot?

A

Roberto Ridolfi
Alva
Phillip II
Duke of Norfolk

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5
Q

Why was the Ridolfi plot not carried out?

A

Commander Alva disagreed with Ridolfi’s plot
Told Philip to only invade after Elizabeth had been overthrown

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6
Q

What were the consequences of the Ridolfi plot? (4)

A
  • Duke of Norfolk executed
  • Ridolfi escaped to Florence
  • Elizabeth expelled Spanish Ambassador
  • St Bartholomew’s Day massacre
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7
Q

What was the Bartholomew Day’s massacre? What was its outcome in England?

A
  • Consequence of Ridolfi plot
  • Mary’s relatives murdered thousands of Protestants in Paris
  • Increased fear of Catholic attack in England
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8
Q

Who was the Throckmorton plot named after? What did he do?

A

Francis Throckmorton
Carried letters between Mary and the French/Spanish ambassadors

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9
Q

Which country(s) were involved in the Throckmorton Plot?

A

Spanish Empire and France

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10
Q

What were the aims of the Throckmorton plot?

A
  • Use of French army funded by Spain
  • Free Mary and make her queen
  • Restore Catholicism in England
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11
Q

Who were the key people involved in the Throckmorton plot?

A

Spanish Ambassador
French Ambassador
Francis Throckmorton
English Catholic nobles
Mary Queen of Scots (hazy)

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12
Q

Why was the Throckmorton plot not carried out?

A

Throckmorton was put under surveillance earlier
Papers concerning the plot were discovered when his house was searched
He was tortured to reveal information

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13
Q

What were the consequences of the Throckmorton plot?

A

Throckmorton and two nobles executed
Expulsion of the ambassadors
William of Orange executed

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14
Q

Who was the Babington plot named after? What did he do?

A

Anthony Babington
Carried letters for Mary
Persuaded by friends to plot

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15
Q

What were the aims of the Babington Plot?

A

Invasion of a foreign country
Free Mary
‘dispatching of the usurper

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16
Q

Why did the Babington plot fail?

A

Elizabeth’s government was determined to catch Mary
Planted spies in Mary’s prison
Persuaded her to send msgs in beer barrels
Walsingham intercepted all of the messages

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17
Q

Which message in the Babington plot led to Mary being put on trial?

A

Asked for four stout men with good and speedy horses to assassinate Elizabeth

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18
Q

What were the consequences of the Babington Plot?

A

Babington and others executed
Mary put on trial - recommended for execution

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19
Q

Who was the key figure in catching the plotters?

A

Sir Francis Walsingham

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20
Q

Who was Sir Francis Walsingham?

A

MP who then became Secretary of State
Worked for William Cecil
Made an efficient spy network
Ruthless, driven and a workaholic

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21
Q

What methods did Walsingham use to catch the plotters? (7)

A
  • Intercepting codes and messages
  • Searches and registers
  • Network of spies and agents
  • Informers in England
  • Interrogation and torture
  • Capturing Catholic priests and recusants
  • Acts of Parliament
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22
Q

Why did Walsingham capture Catholic priests and recusants?

A

Pope sent missionary priests to England

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23
Q

What acts of parliament did Walsingham carry out to help catch the plotter?

A

Increased penalties against Catholics
1584 Bond of Association (If Elizabeth’s life was threatened, Mary would be killed)

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24
Q

In what year did Mary Queen of Scots arrive in England for help?

25
Who was Mary of Guise?
Mary Queen of Scot's mother
26
In which year did the Revolt of the Northern Earls take place?
1569
27
Which two nobles spearheaded the revolt of the northern earls?
Earl of Westmoreland Earl of Northumberland
28
What is the first thing the Northern rebels do?
March to Durham cathedral Tear down Protestant images Celebrate Mass
29
Who opposes the Northern rebellion?
Earl of Sussex
30
What are four reasons as to why the Northern rebellions failed?
Poor planning and leadership?) - they weren't really sure what to do after dethroning Elizabeth Elizabeth acted decisively, calmly and with force Elizabeth was a popular ruler - many Catholic nobles did not support the rebellion There was a lack of foreign support (Pope, France, Spain)
31
What were the main causes of the Northern rebellion?
- Reestablish Catholicism - Elizabeth had taken land from the nobles causing financial losses - Elizabeth had weakened their power by taking positions away from Northern Earls - After Norfolk was exposed after the Ridolfi plot they panicked and though their only option was revolt
32
Who was the Dutch Protestant leader in the Netherlands?
William of Orange
33
Why was the assassination of William of Orange important?
- he was the only other Protestant leader in Europe - Netherland was important for the Antwerp wool market - Elizabeth had no allies left
34
Which country was the Netherlands at war with?
Spanish Empire
35
Give two reasons for the outbreak of war between England and Spain in 1585.
- England's involvement with Dutch rebels in the Netherlands - Hawkins and Drake's attacks on Spanish ships and colonies
36
What was important about the 1570 Papal Bull of Excommunication?
Catholics could kill Elizabeth with the Pope's permission
37
What year was Mary queen of Scots executed?
1587
38
What are three things that triggered the Spanish Armada to attack England?
- Elizabeth supported Dutch rebels - Hawkins and Drake pirating Mexico, Caribbean, and ships - Pope gave Papal Bull so Philip could kill Elizabetth
39
What was Spain's original plan for the Armada?
- Use Marquis of Sidonia and the Duke of Parma - Marquis sail from Lisbon to the Netherlands to pick up Parma's troops - Cross English Channel and invade
40
What was wrong with the original plan?
- Lisbon to Netherlands was too long to go by ship with no ports for stopping at along the way - Relied on wealth
41
Why was Medina Sidonia an useless replacement?
- No experience in naval warfare - Gets seasick - Broke - no funding or manpower - Didn't want to do it - forced into it by Philip
42
What did Elizabeth do as soon as she found out about the Armada? How did this help her?
- Sent Drake to Cadiz to loot and raid it and damage the ships - Set Philip back by 12 months - Gave E time to build ships for navy
43
Why does Duke Medina Sidonia become part of the plan in the first place?
Marquis of Santa Cruz dies of typhus
44
What year does the Armada depart?
1588
45
What happens in the very first month of the Armada's departure?
Stranded on Bay of Corunna Bad weather Still in Portugal
46
What happens at Plymouth?
- Spain pull up to Plymouth - English ships r trapped in the harbour due to backward squalls - Medonia decides not to listen to his (very experienced) commander and misses opportunity to fireship them - England sneak out of the harbour at night
47
What important ship did the Spanish lose in battle? Why was this ship important?
Rosaria Had lots of gunpowder and around 50,000 ducats of money
48
How did England find out about Spain's plan with the Armada?
The Rosaria surrendered to Drake's 'Revenge' Drake found out about the plan from the captain
49
What happens at the Isle of Wight?
Armada try to safe harbour here for shelter England guns them out
50
What happened to Parma?
- He had no way to know when Sidonia was coming due to poor communication - Tried his best to embark
51
What happened at Calais?
- Parma and Sidonia tried to rendevous - Sidonia anchored there - Howard sent fireships in - Panic - anchors cut and ships disperse into North Sea - Remaining ships relentlessly hammered by British
52
What does Spain try to do after the disaster at Calais?
- Ships in the North Sea try to get back to storm - Decide to loop around Scotland
53
What happens to Spain in the North Sea?
Massive storm: - Crash along Ireland and Scotland - English soldiers shoot the survivors
54
What went wrong for Spain? (Theres a lot here - 8 points)
- Started with a flawed plan - Santa Cruz died - MEDINA SIDONIA IT WAS PRETTY MUCH HIM - British weather lol - Lack of comms between Parma and Sidonia - Elizabeth had good tactics - Random collection of guns and cannon/ ammo
55
Why was Spain's ammunition useless?
- Random collection of guns and cannons - Wrongly sized cannon balls can't be used in an emergency - had QUANTITY not QUALITY
56
What major mistakes did Sidonia make?
- Did not take opportunity to fireship England in Portsmouth - Abandoned Rosaria in battle - Did NOT listen to his second in command who acc knew what to do :(
57
What tactics did Elizabeth use?
- Used Drake and Howard to set Spain back - Built great ships - Had good quality weaponry - Installed warning beacons on English coasts - Howard's fireship attack in Calais
58
Why were Elizabeth’s ships better than Phillips?
Phillip: - big, heavy and old warships - not v manoeuvrable Elizabeth: - sleek, fast and newly built - long gun deck - small - manoeuvrable

History (14 decks)

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