C+P Early Modern England Flashcards
1
Q
What was proved in this era regarding the power of the monarchy?
A
- Proved their power
- Definition of a crime could change very quickly
- Monarchs wanted people in their country to follow their belief
2
Q
How did heresy and treason become linked?
A
- Challenging religious beliefs of the. king or queen was a crime against them
- It was also against the religion of the country
3
Q
What was the punishment for Heresy?
A
Burned at the stake
4
Q
Which 5 kings and queens kept changing the laws of the country due to religion?
A
- Henry viii
- Edward vi
- Mary Tudor
- Elizabeth i
- James i
5
Q
Why did towns and cities grow?
A
- Growing population
- Decline of feudalism - people moved to urban areas for work.
6
Q
What are vagabonds?
A
unemployed and homeless
7
Q
What were the three vagabond laws introduced? (think Very Relieved People)
A
- Vagrancy act
- Relief of the Poor
- Poor Law
8
Q
What was witchcraft?
A
- generally poor old women
- people for the wealthy to blame for their own bad luck
9
Q
What was smuggling?
A
- illegally importing goods without paying tax
- social crime
- tea, alcohol
10
Q
Why did Puritan crimes become a thing? Name a couple.
A
- Oliver Cromwell took over as Lord Protector and he was puritan
- drinking, feasting all illegal at Christmas
- not attending church every Sunday
11
Q
What law made poaching illegal (again)?
A
1671 Game Act
12
Q
What are three types of new law enforcement?
A
- Town Constable
- Night Watchman
- Thief Takers
13
Q
What did the Town Constable do?
A
- help collect fines
- round up beggars and vagabonds
- were paid
- general stuff like break up fights
14
Q
What did the Night Watchers do?
A
- Unpaid volunteers
- Patrol streets from 10pm to dawn
- Warned ppl to stay instead if there was a criminal on the loose with a bell
- carried a candle and spear
15
Q
What did the Thief Takers do?
A
- hired by rich people
- guarding or catching criminals to give to the police
- corrupt and violent
16
Q
Name on famous Thief Taker and what he did.
A
- Jonathan Wild
- led a gang of thieves who conned people
17
Q
What was transportation?
A
- criminals shipped to north america
- taught physical labour
- white slaves basically
18
Q
What was the role of early prisons?
A
- NOT used for punishments
- used to hold prisoners until trial
- prisoners had to pay for food/water
- everyone locked together
19
Q
What were Houses of Correction?
A
- prisons built purposefully
- hard labour
- used to punish
20
Q
What kinds of punishments stayed the same?
A
- most corporal and capital punishment
- fines, whipping
- hanging/beheading for heresy
- hung drawn quartered for high treason
21
Q
What was the Bloody Code?
A
- A theory that the only way to stop crime was remove the criminal altogether
- deathh
22
Q
Who led the Gunpowder Plot?
A
Robert Catesby
23
Q
What year was the gunpowder plot?
A
1605
24
Q
How were the plotters punished?
A
Hung, drawn and quartered
25
Hung, drawn and quartered
catholic rebels against protestant James i
26
What was the plan of the gunpowder plot?
- gunpowder stored below parliament
- Guy Fawkes (explosive expert) had to light them
- betrayed :(
27
How was Guy Fawkes tortured?
- The rack
28
What two new anti-catholic laws did James introduce after the gunpowder plot?
- 1605 thanksgiving act - nov.5th was commemorated
- 1606 recusants act - catholics had to swear an oath of allegiance to the king
29
Seven reasons why there was an increased belief in witchcraft?
- James I influence
- attitudes toward women
- economy
- fear of the poor
- Church influence
- English Civil war
- Monarch Laws
30
Acronym for seven reasons for belief in witchcraft?
Jaguars And Elephants Fear Cannibals Eating Meat
31
Why was James I influence relevant to belief in witchcraft?
- wrote a book called Demonologie
- paranoid for his life and clearly detailed witchcraft as evil
32
Why were attitudes to women relevant to belief in witchcraft?
- Easy targets for being blamed
- Vulnerable generally
33
Why was fear of the poor relevant to belief in witchcraft?
- Easy target
- Scapegoats for witchcraft
34
Why was the civil war relevant to belief in witchcraft?
- believed it was a punishment from god
- increased belief of the supernatural
35
Why were Monarch Laws relevant to belief in witchcraft?
- huge influence on people of all backgrounds
36
Why was the economy relevant to belief in witchcraft?
- People blamed witchcraft for their bad luck and poverty
37
How was witchcraft trialled?
- searching for a devil's mark (wart or birthmark)
- accused being tied up and thrown in a river
- if they sank, it was a sign that they were not a witch
38
Who was Matthew Hopkins? What did he call himself?
- lawyer who became a witchhunter
- Witchfiner General
39
How did Hopkins interrogate his victims?
- Inspect for 'devils mark'
- Bodkins - fake knife with a retractable blade, 'if the suspects didn't bleed they were guilty
- sleep deprivation
- starvation
40
Some reasons why women were targeted as witchcrafts?
- believed to be the weaker sex
- women were the property of men, so suspicious if they lived alone
- wise women had lots of respect and authorities hated it
41
Three ways Hopkins spread fear of witchcraft?
- mass execution of 'witches'
- during English civil war so lack of law and order
- people relied on Hopkins to help them
42
What three things led to the decline of belief in witchcraft?
- death of Hopkins in 1647
- 'enlightenment' period
- Witchcraft Act
43
What was the enlightenment period?
- Wealthy ppl got interested in science, maths and astronomy
- less belief of religion
44
What was the Witchcraft Act?
- witches were nothing more than trickers
1735
- abolished death penalty for witchcraft
45
Despite the abolishment of death penalty, with whom and why was fear of witchcraft still prevalent?
- poorer communities
- did not study sciences et cetera so beliefs were deeply rooted
