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biology > living organisms > Flashcards

living organisms Flashcards

1
Q

eukaryotic organisms contain what?

A

membrane bound organelles, contain a nucleus, more complex, multicellular + unicellular

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2
Q

prokaryotic organisms contain what?

A

no membrane bound organelles, no nucleus, loop of DNA instead, less complex, unicellular

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3
Q

prokaryotic organism

A

bacteria

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4
Q

eukaryotic organism example

A

fungi, protoctista, plants, animals

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5
Q

are plants uni or multicellular

A

multi

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6
Q

how do plants make their food

A

chave chlorophyll in chloroplasts so can carry out photosynthesis for food

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7
Q

what do plants store carbohydrates as?

A

starch or sucrose

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8
Q

what are cell walls made of in plants

A

cellulose

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9
Q

examples of plants

A

tree, rose bush

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10
Q

are animals uni or multicellular

A

multi

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11
Q

what are animals cell walls made of

A

they don’t have cell walls

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12
Q

how do animals get food

A

feeding on other organisms

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13
Q

what do animals store carbohydrates as

A

glycogen

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14
Q

animal examples

A

mammals (humans)
insects (fly)

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15
Q

are fungi uni or multicellular

A

both

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16
Q

what are fungi cell walls made of

A

chitin

17
Q

what do multicellular fungi have a body organised into

A

mycelium made of thread-like structures called hyphae which contain many nuclei

18
Q

how do fungi obtain food

A

secreting digestive enzymes on to food material and absorbing all organic products (saprophytic nutrition)

19
Q

what do fungi store carbohydrates as

A

glycogen

20
Q

how do fungi reproduce

A

via spores

21
Q

fungi examples

A

yeast, mushroom

22
Q

are protoctista uni or multicellular

A

uni

23
Q

pathogenic protoctista example

A

plasmodium, responsible for causing malaria

24
Q

are bacteria uni or multicellular

A

uni

25
Q

what are bacteria cell walls made of

A

murin

26
Q

how do bacteria obtain food

A
  • from other living organisms, either as parasites or by causing decomposition
  • some contain chlorophyll so can carry out photosynthesis
  • most bacteria feed off dead organisms - decomposers
  • some will feed off living organisms
27
Q

do bacteria have a nucleus

A

no, they have a loop of DNA instead

28
Q

bacteria examples

A

lactobacillus, pneumococcus

29
Q

how do viruses reproduce

A

inside a host cell

30
Q

what is a viruses cellular structure

A

no cellular structure but do contain a loop of DNA or RNA inside a protein coat

31
Q

nucleus or cytoplasm in a virus?

A

none

32
Q

virus examples

A

influenza, HIV, measles, polio

33
Q

how do viruses work?

A
  1. enters the host cell
  2. takes over the hosts genetic machinery to make more virus particles
  3. host cell dies, particles are released to infect more cells
  4. usually, the body’s immune system destroys the virus and the person recovers

biology (21 decks)

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