living organisms Flashcards
eukaryotic organisms contain what?
membrane bound organelles, contain a nucleus, more complex, multicellular + unicellular
prokaryotic organisms contain what?
no membrane bound organelles, no nucleus, loop of DNA instead, less complex, unicellular
prokaryotic organism
bacteria
eukaryotic organism example
fungi, protoctista, plants, animals
are plants uni or multicellular
multi
how do plants make their food
chave chlorophyll in chloroplasts so can carry out photosynthesis for food
what do plants store carbohydrates as?
starch or sucrose
what are cell walls made of in plants
cellulose
examples of plants
tree, rose bush
are animals uni or multicellular
multi
what are animals cell walls made of
they don’t have cell walls
how do animals get food
feeding on other organisms
what do animals store carbohydrates as
glycogen
animal examples
mammals (humans)
insects (fly)
are fungi uni or multicellular
both
what are fungi cell walls made of
chitin
what do multicellular fungi have a body organised into
mycelium made of thread-like structures called hyphae which contain many nuclei
how do fungi obtain food
secreting digestive enzymes on to food material and absorbing all organic products (saprophytic nutrition)
what do fungi store carbohydrates as
glycogen
how do fungi reproduce
via spores
fungi examples
yeast, mushroom
are protoctista uni or multicellular
uni
pathogenic protoctista example
plasmodium, responsible for causing malaria
are bacteria uni or multicellular
uni
what are bacteria cell walls made of
murin
how do bacteria obtain food
- from other living organisms, either as parasites or by causing decomposition
- some contain chlorophyll so can carry out photosynthesis
- most bacteria feed off dead organisms - decomposers
- some will feed off living organisms
do bacteria have a nucleus
no, they have a loop of DNA instead
bacteria examples
lactobacillus, pneumococcus
how do viruses reproduce
inside a host cell
what is a viruses cellular structure
no cellular structure but do contain a loop of DNA or RNA inside a protein coat
nucleus or cytoplasm in a virus?
none
virus examples
influenza, HIV, measles, polio
how do viruses work?
- enters the host cell
- takes over the hosts genetic machinery to make more virus particles
- host cell dies, particles are released to infect more cells
- usually, the body’s immune system destroys the virus and the person recovers
