Liver Structure and Function Flashcards
what is the largest organ in the body?
liver
where is the liver located?
upper right quadrant of abdomen
what are the major lobes of the liver?
right and left
what are the 2 minor lobes of the liver?
caudate and quadrate
where is the entry and exit of blood vessels to the liver?
hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery
where is the entry and exit of lymphatic vessels, ducts?
right and left hepatic ducts -> common hepatic duct
where is the entry and exit of nerves?
hepatic nerve plexus via porta on the inferior surface
what is the hepatic duct joined by?
cystic duct from the gallbladder
what is the liver covered by?
connective tissue capsule and visceral peritoneum except for bare area
what does vessels, ducts and nerves follow throughout liver?
septa
what does the septa divide liver into?
hexagonal lobules
where is a portal triad located at on the liver?
each corner of a hexagonal lobule
where does hepatic cords radiate out from?
central veins
hepatic cords composed of
hepatocytes
what is the spaces between hepatic cords
hepatic sinusoids
what is the function of the liver?
production and secretion of bile
six components of bile?
bile acids lecithin cholesterol bile pigments toxic metals bicarbonate
what is HCO3 secreted by?
duct cells
what are bile pigments?
breakdown products of haemoglobin from old/damaged erythrocytes
how is bilirubin extracted?
from blood by hepatocytes and secreted into bile = yellow bile
what is bilirubin modified by?
bacterial enzymes
where is bilirubin reabsorbed?
urine = yellow urine
where is bile acids synthesised?
in liver from cholesterol
does the conjugation between bile acids and glycine increase or decrease solubility?
increase
where is secreted bile recycled?
enterohepatic circulation
where would you find the gallbladder?
on inferior surface of liver
how big is the gallbladder?
8cm x 4cm
what are the three layers in the wall of gallbladder?
mucosa
muscularis
serosa
what type of muscle is the muscularis of the gallbladder?
smooth
whats the function of the sphincter of oddi?
Controls release of bile and pancreatic juice into duodenum
Gallbladder concentrates bile 5-20 times (absorbs Na+ & H2O)
what is the significance of CCK to the gallbladder?
Sphincter of Oddi relaxes
Gallbladder contracts
acid in the duodenum creates a rise in?
secretin
what impact does secretin have on gastric acid secretion?
decreases
what impact does secretin have on gastric emptying?
decreases
what impact does secretin have on duodenal HCO3 secretion
increases
what impact does secretin have on pancreatic HCO3 secretion?
increases
what impact does secretin have on bile duct HCO3 secretion?
increases
what reaction does an increase of fat/amino acid in duodenum cause?
increase of CCK
what impact does CCK have on gastric emptying?
decreases
what impact does CCK have on pancreatic enzyme secretion
increases
what impact does CCK have on the gallbladder?
contraction
what impact does CCK have on the sphincter of oddi?
relaxation
what gives the branching effect of the liver?
connective tissue capsule
what creates support to the liver?
network of septa into the body of the liver
what is the function of bile acids, lecithin, cholesterol?
solubilse fat and synthesised in liver
where are toxic metals detoxified?
in the liver
where are Bile acids (2) Lecithin (3) Cholesterol (4) Bile Pigments Bilirubin (from haemoglobin) (5) Toxic Metals secreted?
hepatocytes
what happens when sphincter of oddi contracts?
its closed- bile forced back into gallbladder
what triggers the release of CCK?
fat in duodenum
what does the discharge of bile into duodenum trigger?
fat solubilisation
