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systems- GI > Liver Structure and Function > Flashcards

Liver Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest organ in the body?

A

liver

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2
Q

where is the liver located?

A

upper right quadrant of abdomen

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3
Q

what are the major lobes of the liver?

A

right and left

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4
Q

what are the 2 minor lobes of the liver?

A

caudate and quadrate

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5
Q

where is the entry and exit of blood vessels to the liver?

A

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery

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6
Q

where is the entry and exit of lymphatic vessels, ducts?

A

right and left hepatic ducts -> common hepatic duct

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7
Q

where is the entry and exit of nerves?

A

hepatic nerve plexus via porta on the inferior surface

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8
Q

what is the hepatic duct joined by?

A

cystic duct from the gallbladder

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9
Q

what is the liver covered by?

A

connective tissue capsule and visceral peritoneum except for bare area

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10
Q

what does vessels, ducts and nerves follow throughout liver?

A

septa

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11
Q

what does the septa divide liver into?

A

hexagonal lobules

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12
Q

where is a portal triad located at on the liver?

A

each corner of a hexagonal lobule

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13
Q

where does hepatic cords radiate out from?

A

central veins

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14
Q

hepatic cords composed of

A

hepatocytes

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15
Q

what is the spaces between hepatic cords

A

hepatic sinusoids

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16
Q

what is the function of the liver?

A

production and secretion of bile

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17
Q

six components of bile?

A 
bile acids
lecithin
cholesterol
bile pigments
toxic metals 
bicarbonate
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18
Q

what is HCO3 secreted by?

A

duct cells

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19
Q

what are bile pigments?

A

breakdown products of haemoglobin from old/damaged erythrocytes

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20
Q

how is bilirubin extracted?

A

from blood by hepatocytes and secreted into bile = yellow bile

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21
Q

what is bilirubin modified by?

A

bacterial enzymes

22
Q

where is bilirubin reabsorbed?

A

urine = yellow urine

23
Q

where is bile acids synthesised?

A

in liver from cholesterol

24
Q

does the conjugation between bile acids and glycine increase or decrease solubility?

A

increase

25
Q

where is secreted bile recycled?

A

enterohepatic circulation

26
Q

where would you find the gallbladder?

A

on inferior surface of liver

27
Q

how big is the gallbladder?

A

8cm x 4cm

28
Q

what are the three layers in the wall of gallbladder?

A

mucosa
muscularis
serosa

29
Q

what type of muscle is the muscularis of the gallbladder?

A

smooth

30
Q

whats the function of the sphincter of oddi?

A

Controls release of bile and pancreatic juice into duodenum

Gallbladder concentrates bile 5-20 times (absorbs Na+ & H2O)

31
Q

what is the significance of CCK to the gallbladder?

A

Sphincter of Oddi relaxes

Gallbladder contracts

32
Q

acid in the duodenum creates a rise in?

A

secretin

33
Q

what impact does secretin have on gastric acid secretion?

A

decreases

34
Q

what impact does secretin have on gastric emptying?

A

decreases

35
Q

what impact does secretin have on duodenal HCO3 secretion

A

increases

36
Q

what impact does secretin have on pancreatic HCO3 secretion?

A

increases

37
Q

what impact does secretin have on bile duct HCO3 secretion?

A

increases

38
Q

what reaction does an increase of fat/amino acid in duodenum cause?

A

increase of CCK

39
Q

what impact does CCK have on gastric emptying?

A

decreases

40
Q

what impact does CCK have on pancreatic enzyme secretion

A

increases

41
Q

what impact does CCK have on the gallbladder?

A

contraction

42
Q

what impact does CCK have on the sphincter of oddi?

A

relaxation

43
Q

what gives the branching effect of the liver?

A

connective tissue capsule

44
Q

what creates support to the liver?

A

network of septa into the body of the liver

45
Q

what is the function of bile acids, lecithin, cholesterol?

A

solubilse fat and synthesised in liver

46
Q

where are toxic metals detoxified?

A

in the liver

47
Q 
where are Bile acids
(2) Lecithin
(3) Cholesterol
(4) Bile Pigments	  
Bilirubin (from haemoglobin)
(5) Toxic Metals
secreted?
A

hepatocytes

48
Q

what happens when sphincter of oddi contracts?

A

its closed- bile forced back into gallbladder

49
Q

what triggers the release of CCK?

A

fat in duodenum

50
Q

what does the discharge of bile into duodenum trigger?

A

fat solubilisation

systems- GI (40 decks)

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