anatomy overview 2 Flashcards
what is the order of gut tube?
foregut, midgut, hindgut
what are the possible diseases of foregut?
peptic ulcer/ gastric disease
biliary/pancreatic disease
hepatic disease
what are the possible diseases in the midgut?
appendicitis
small bowel obstruction
proximal colon cancer
what are the possible diseases in the hindgut?
large bowel obstruction
diverticular disease
carcinoma of colon
what type of tissue is the oesophagus?
muscular
what are the three constrictions of the esophagus
cervical
thoracic
diaphragmatic
what are the different parts of the stomach?
cardia
fundus
body
pyloric part
which side is the greater curvature?
left
what does the pyloric sphincter do?
controls discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum
what is congenital pyloric stenosis?
thickening of the smooth muscle in the pylorus
whats the space between lesser curvature and liver?
lesser omentum
what is the surface anatomy of the liver?
ribs 7-11 on right side
what does the biliary ducts do?
carry bile from the liver to gallbladder
where is bile produced?
liver
where is bile stored and concentrated in?
gall bladder
how much bile can the gall bladder store up?
50ml
where is the triangle of calot?
triangle between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver
where does the cystic artery lie?
triangle of calot
is pancreas retroperitoneal or peritoneal?
retroperitoneal
where does the pancreas lie?
transpyloric plane L1/L2
what is the spleen
mobile haemo-lymphoid organ
where is the spleen located?
left hypochondrium
is the whole of the spleen covered by peritoneum?
no- everywhere apart from the hilum
what ribs is the spleen located at?
ribs 9 to 11
what is the most frequently injured abdominal organ?
spleen
what is splenomegaly?
abnormal enlargement of spleen
what supplies the foregut with blood?
celiac trunk
where is the celiac trunk origin?
abdominal aorta T12
what are the branches of celiac trunk?
left gastric artery
hepatic artery
splenic artery
where does the left gastric artery go?
runs along the lesser curvature of the stomach
where does the hepatic artery go?
supply liver and gallbladder
where does the splenic artery go?
runs retroperitoneally along the superior margin of the pancreas
what are the midgut structures?
small intestine including most of duodenum
the cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the right half to two-thirds of the transverse colon
what is the shortest, widest and most fixed of the small intestine?
duodenum
what is the colour of jejunum and ileum
J- deeper red
I- pale pink
what is thicker the jejunum or ileum?
jejunum
which has a longer vasa recta? between jejunum or ileum
jejunum
what has more lymphoid nodules between jejunum or ileum?
ileum
what is the blood supply for midgut?
superior mesenteric artery
where is the origin of the midgut blood supply?
branch of abdominal aorta L1
what are the branches of superior mesenteric artery
jejunal and ileal arteries
what are the hindgut structures?
left one-third of transverse colon, descending colom, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal
what does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
hndgut
how can the large intestine be distinguished from the small intestine?
omental appedices, haustra/sacculations
teniae coli
what are omental appedices?
small fatty, peritoneal like projections
what os teniae coli?
thickened bands of smooth muscle
what is the most common position of the appendix?
retrocecal
what is macburney’s point?
site of maximum tenderness in acute appendicities
where is the origin of the blood supply of the hindugt?
anterior branch of abdominal aorta
what are the branches of inferior mesenteric artery?
left colic, sigmoid arteries and superior rectal artery
what is the terminal branch of inferior mesenteric artery?
superior rectal artery
what is the rectum?
pelvic part of the gut tube
what is the function of portal vein?
it collects poorly oxygenated but nutrient rich blood from the abdominal part of GI tract
which duct receives most of the lymph from abdominal wall and abdominal organs
thoracic duct
what are the three terminal groups of lumbar nodes?
pre-aortic
lateral aortic
retro-aortic
