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GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY > Liver Structure and function > Flashcards

Liver Structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the minor lobes of the liver?

A

Quadrate (ventral)

Caudate

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2
Q

Vessels enter the liver via what?

A

Porta

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3
Q

The common bile duct is formed by what?

A

Common hepatic duct + cystic duct

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4
Q

The porta of the liver is surrounded by what?

A

Ligamentous tissue

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5
Q

What is the function of the coronary ligament?

A

Posterior attachment of the liver to the diaphragm

It surrounds the bare area of the liver

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6
Q

The septa divide the liver into what?

A

Hexagonal lobules

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7
Q

What is the structure of liver lobules?

A

Hexagon with a portal triad at each corner, hepatic vein at the centre

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8
Q

What is the portal triad?

A

Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery
Hepatic duct

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9
Q

What are the hepatic cords?

A

Hepatocytes radiating out from the central veins of the lobules

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10
Q

What is the name given to the space between the hepatic cords?

A 
Hepatic sinusoids 
(blood channels)
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11
Q

Bile produced in the liver is transported out how?

A

Produced in the hepatocytes
Pushed into the bile cannaliculi
Flows out via hepatic ducts

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12
Q

What is the role of hepatocytes/

A

Make Bile
Store nutrients
Convert nutrients
Detoxify the blood

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13
Q

What nutrients are stored by the hepatocytes?

A

Glycogen
Fat
Vits B12, A,D,E,K
Cu, Fe

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14
Q

What are the nutrient interconversions that take place in the hepatocytes?

A

Fat -> carb
Carb -> fat
Protein -> fat

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15
Q

What does the liver do to metals?

A

Attaches proteins (to make them safe)

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16
Q

What are the emulsifiers produced by the liver?

A

Bile acids
Lecithin
Cholesterol

17
Q

What are the six components of bile?

A 
Bile acids
Lecithin
Cholesterol
Bile pigments
Toxic metals
Bicarbonate
18
Q

Where is bicarbonate produced in the liver?

A

Duct cells

19
Q

How much bile is made a day?

A

0.5g

20
Q

What happens to bile before it is secreted by the liver?

A

Conjugated with glycine/taurine to form bile salts

21
Q

Why is bile converted to bile salts?

A

Increased solubility

22
Q

Where is bile reabsorbed?

A

Ileum

23
Q

The gallbladder doesn’t contain which histological layer?

A

Submucosa

24
Q

The mucosa of the gallbladder has what?

A

Rugae for expansion

25
Q

The sphincter of oddi controls what?

A

Bile and pancreatic juice release into duodenum

26
Q

Bile travels where when the Oddi is closed?

A

Back into the gallbladder

27
Q

How does the gallbladder concentrate bile?

A

Absorption of Na and H20

28
Q

Relaxation of the Sphincter of Oddi is controlled by what?

A

Fat/AAs in the duodenum causing a release of CCK

29
Q

Release of CCK causes what?

A

Decreased gastric emptying
Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion
Gallbladder contraction
Oddi relaxation

GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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