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GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY > Grand Tour of Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Grand Tour of Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

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2
Q

What is the function of the mouth in digestion?

A

Chewing - breakdown

Saliva - lubricant, enzymes

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3
Q

What is the general function of the stomach?

A

Digestion of proteins
Storage
Sterilisation
Reduction to liquid form

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4
Q

General function of the pancreas?

A

Digestive enzymes for fats, carbs, proteins

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5
Q

General function of the liver for digestion?

A

Production of bile salts (absorption of fats)

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6
Q

General function of the gallbladder?

A

Storage and concentration of bile

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7
Q

General function of the small intestine

A

Final stage chemical digestion

Nutrient absorption

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8
Q

General function of the large intestine

A

Water absorption
Bacterial fermentation
Formation of faeces

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9
Q

What are the 4 layers(tunics) of the alimentary canal?

A 
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa (inside peritoneal cavity)
Adventitia (outside peritoneal cavity)
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10
Q

Glands are displayed in the submucosa of which parts of the GIT?

A

Oesophagus

Duodenum

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11
Q

Orientation of muscularis externa

A

Two concentric rings, one contracting circularly, one contracting longitudinally

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12
Q

Which nerve plexuses lay in the GIT?

A

Myenteric plexus

Submucosal plexus

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13
Q

The mucosa of the GIT contains which layers?

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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14
Q

What form of epithelium lines the mouth, oesophagus and anal canal?

A

Stratified squamous (non-keratinizing)

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15
Q

What form of epithelium lines the stomach and intestines?

A

Simple columnar

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16
Q

What is the role of the lamina propria?

A

Loose connective tissue

glands, blood/lymph vessels

17
Q

What is contained within the submucosa?

A

Neurones
Blood vessels
Lymphatics

18
Q

What type of tissue is contained within the submuscosa?

A

Thick, irregular connective tissue

19
Q

Submucosal glands are present in which sections of the GIT?

A

Oesophagus and Duodenum

20
Q

How is the serosa differentiated from the adventitia?

A

Adventitia attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures
Serosa surrounds stomach and intestines

21
Q

Describe the structure and function of muscularis externa?

A

Inner: Circular muscle (constriction)
Outer: Longitudinal muscle (shortening)
Both function for peristalsis and segmentation

22
Q

What lies between the longitudinal and circular muscles?

A

Myenteric/Auerbach’s plexus

23
Q

Long autonomic control of the alimentary system is supplied by what?

A

Parasympathetic system

24
Q

Short autonomic control of the alimentary system is supplied by what?

A

Enteric Nervous system

25
Q

What nerves provide parasympathetic supply of the Alimentary system?

A 
Vagus nerve (X)
Facial nerve (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
26
Q

Which nerve provides sympathetic innervation of the alimentary system?

A

Splanchnic nerve

27
Q

What are the 3 main arteries of the GIT?

A

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

28
Q

The celiac trunk supplies blood to what?

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver

29
Q

The superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to what?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

30
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery supplied blood to what?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

31
Q

What are the 4 main tributaries of the hepatic portal vein?

A

Gastric Veins
Splenic vein
Superior/inferior mesenteric vein

32
Q

What makes a portal system?

A

A vascular system with capillary beds at both ends

GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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