Grand Tour of Alimentary Canal

Question 1

Where are the salivary glands?

Answer 1

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

Question 2

What is the function of the mouth in digestion?

Answer 2

Chewing - breakdown

Saliva - lubricant, enzymes

Question 3

What is the general function of the stomach?

Answer 3

Digestion of proteins
Storage
Sterilisation
Reduction to liquid form

Question 4

General function of the pancreas?

Answer 4

Digestive enzymes for fats, carbs, proteins

Question 5

General function of the liver for digestion?

Answer 5

Production of bile salts (absorption of fats)

Question 6

General function of the gallbladder?

Answer 6

Storage and concentration of bile

Question 7

General function of the small intestine

Answer 7

Final stage chemical digestion

Nutrient absorption

Question 8

General function of the large intestine

Answer 8

Water absorption
Bacterial fermentation
Formation of faeces

Question 9

What are the 4 layers(tunics) of the alimentary canal?

Answer 9

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa (inside peritoneal cavity)
Adventitia (outside peritoneal cavity)

Question 10

Glands are displayed in the submucosa of which parts of the GIT?

Answer 10

Oesophagus

Duodenum

Question 11

Orientation of muscularis externa

Answer 11

Two concentric rings, one contracting circularly, one contracting longitudinally

Question 12

Which nerve plexuses lay in the GIT?

Answer 12

Myenteric plexus

Submucosal plexus

Question 13

The mucosa of the GIT contains which layers?

Answer 13

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

Question 14

What form of epithelium lines the mouth, oesophagus and anal canal?

Answer 14

Stratified squamous (non-keratinizing)

Question 15

What form of epithelium lines the stomach and intestines?

Answer 15

Simple columnar

Question 16

What is the role of the lamina propria?

Answer 16

Loose connective tissue

glands, blood/lymph vessels

Question 17

What is contained within the submucosa?

Answer 17

Neurones
Blood vessels
Lymphatics

Question 18

What type of tissue is contained within the submuscosa?

Answer 18

Thick, irregular connective tissue

Question 19

Submucosal glands are present in which sections of the GIT?

Answer 19

Oesophagus and Duodenum

Question 20

How is the serosa differentiated from the adventitia?

Answer 20

Adventitia attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures
Serosa surrounds stomach and intestines

Question 21

Describe the structure and function of muscularis externa?

Answer 21

Inner: Circular muscle (constriction)
Outer: Longitudinal muscle (shortening)
Both function for peristalsis and segmentation

Question 22

What lies between the longitudinal and circular muscles?

Answer 22

Myenteric/Auerbach’s plexus

Question 23

Long autonomic control of the alimentary system is supplied by what?

Answer 23

Parasympathetic system

Question 24

Short autonomic control of the alimentary system is supplied by what?

Answer 24

Enteric Nervous system

Question 25

What nerves provide parasympathetic supply of the Alimentary system?

Answer 25

``` Vagus nerve (X) Facial nerve (VII) Glossopharyngeal (IX) ```

Question 26

Which nerve provides sympathetic innervation of the alimentary system?

Answer 26

Splanchnic nerve

Question 27

What are the 3 main arteries of the GIT?

Answer 27

Coeliac trunk Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 28

The celiac trunk supplies blood to what?

Answer 28

Stomach Small intestine Pancreas Liver

Question 29

The superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to what?

Answer 29

Small intestine Caecum Ascending colon Transverse colon

Question 30

The inferior mesenteric artery supplied blood to what?

Answer 30

Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum

Question 31

What are the 4 main tributaries of the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 31

Gastric Veins Splenic vein Superior/inferior mesenteric vein

Question 32

What makes a portal system?

Answer 32

A vascular system with capillary beds at both ends