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GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY > Gastric Motility and Pancreatic Function > Flashcards

Gastric Motility and Pancreatic Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the effect of peristaltic waves on the body of the stomach?

A

Weak contraction (no mixing)

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2
Q

What is the effect of peristaltic waves on the antrum?

A

Powerful contraction
Mixing
Contraction of the pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

What is the purpose of contracting the pyloric sphincter?

A

Small amount of chyme entering duodenum

Most of antral contents moved backwards

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4
Q

What is the rate of peristaltic rhythm?

A

3/min

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5
Q

Pacemaker cells of peristaltic rhythm are situated where?

A

Longitudinal muscle layer of muscularis externa

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6
Q

What is the Basic electrical rhythm of the gastric system?

A

Spontaneous slow wave depolarisation through gap junctions

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7
Q

Number of Action potentials determines what?

A

Contraction STRENGTH

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8
Q

What is the effect of gastrin on the peristaltic waves?

A

Stronger contractions

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9
Q

Distension of the stomach wall causes what?

A 
Long reflexes (vagus nerve)
Short reflexes (ENS)
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10
Q

Distension reflexes have what effect?

A

Increased contraction

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11
Q

What is the effect of food particles in the duodenum?

A

Mobility inhibition

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12
Q

How is acid neutralised in the duodenum?

A

Secretion of Bicarbonate (HCO3)

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13
Q

Where is Bicarbonate secreted from in the duodenum?

A

Brunner’s Gland duct cells

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14
Q

Why does the oesophagus produce bicarbonate?

A

Increase the speed of food passage

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15
Q

Acid and Bicarbonate forms what?

A

H2CO3

–> H20 + CO2

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16
Q

Acid in the duodenum triggers what?

A

Long and short reflexes for HCO3 secretion

Release of secretin for HCO3 secretion

17
Q

Secretin release triggers what?

A

HCO3 secretion from pancreas and liver

18
Q

How is secretin release inhibited?

A

Acid neutralisation

19
Q

Islet cells of the pancreas produce what?

A

(Endocrine)
Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin

20
Q

The exocrine pancreas produces what?

A

Bicarbonate

Digestive Enzymes

21
Q

What is the sequence followed leaving the acini cells of the pancreas?

A

Acini cell
Intercalated duct
Intralobular duct
Interlobular duct

22
Q

Bicarbonate is produced by what in the pancreas?

A

Duct cells

23
Q

Digestive enzymes are produced by what in the pancreas?

A

Acinar cells

24
Q

The pancreatic duct meets the duodenum where?

A

Sphincter of oddi

+ accessory duct

25
Q

What are Zymogens?

A

Inactive forms of digestive enzymes

26
Q

Why does the pancreas store digestive enzymes as zymogens?

A

Prevention of autodigestion

27
Q

How are Zymogens activated?

A

Contact with enterokinase on brush border membrane

28
Q

Enterokinase converts what?

A

Trypsinogen to trypsin

29
Q

What is the role of trypsin?

A

Converts all other zymogens into their active form

30
Q

Enterokinase is presented where?

A

Brush border of duodenal enterocytes

31
Q

What are the categories of pancreatic enzymes?

A

Proteases, nucleases, Elastases, Phospholipases, Lipases, a-amylase

32
Q

What is the role of nucleases?

A

Hydrolise DNA/RNA

33
Q

What is the role of elastases?

A

Digest collagen

34
Q

What is the role of phospholipase?

A

Convert phospholipids to FAs

35
Q

What is the role of lipases?

A

Convert TAGs to FAs+Glycerol

36
Q

What stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate in the pancreas?

A

Secretin in response to acid in duodenum

37
Q

What stimulates the secretion of zymogen from the pancreas?

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK) release in response to Fat/AAs in duodenum

38
Q

Organic nutrients in the duodenum trigger what?

A

Neural/reflex triggering pancreatic function

GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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