Liver pathologies Flashcards
Causes of liver cirrhosis x5
Viral hepatitis- B,C
Hemochromatosis
Alcoholic liver disease
Non alcoholic liver disease
Inherited- Autoimmune hepatitis, Wilsons disease
Signs of acute liver failure x4
Hepatic encephalopathy
Coagulopathy
Jaundice
Hypoglycemia
State 2 liver synthetic function tests
Serum albumin
Prothrombin time
Describe the hepatic pattern of LFTs
Elevated AST,ALT with normal ALP
Describe the cholestatic pattern of LFTS
Elevated ALP, normal AST, ALT
Causes of acute liver injury
Drugs- acetaminophen
Wilsons disease
Hepatitis- viral, alcoholic and autoimmune
Characteristics of acute liver failure x3
AST, ALT >10
Hepatic encephalopathy
Prolonged prothrombin time INR >1.5
Physical exam signs of chronic liver disease x5
Palmar erythema
Spider angiomata
Sparse body hair
Dupuytren contracture
Terry nails/leukonychia - hypoalbuminemia
Lab findings in cirrhosis x5
Increased INR
Reduced albumin
Hyponatremia
Thrombocytopenia
ALT normal or slightly elevated
Complications of cirrhosis x5
Varices and portal hypertension
Hepatorenal syndrome
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatic encephalopathy
Ascites
Causes of cirrhosis x5
Hepatitis- viral, alcoholic, autoimmune
Hepatic congestion secondary to HF
Hemochromatosis
Non alcoholic steatohepatitis
Risk factors of non alcoholic steatohepatitis x4
Central obesity
Type 2 DM
Dyslipidemia
Metabolic syndrome
Treatment of non alcoholic steatohepatitis x4
Diet
Exercise
Metformin in DM regimen
Vitamin E (high dose) in non diabetics
Clinical features of hemochromatosis x5
Arthralgia
Heart failure and Arrhythmias
Splenomegaly and Abdominal pain
Skin pigmentation
Elevated transaminases
Treatment of hemochromatosis x2
Phlebotomy
Chelation
Pathogenesis of Wilson disease
The copper transporter ATP7B has reduced function leading to copper accumulation in liver, brain, eyes, heart, kidneys
Treatment of Wilson disease x4
Liver transplantation
Reduce dietary copper
Oral zinc supplementations
Copper chelation with D penicillamine
