Hematology Flashcards
State 5 tests done to investigate hemolysis
Serum LDH
Coombs
Haptoglobin
Indirect bilirubin
Coagulation studies
Lab evaluation of anemia x5
FBC with differential
Peripheral blood smear
Iron studies
Hemolysis
Bone marrow examination
Causes of acute(3) and chronic(2) blood loss
Acute- trauma, melena, hematemesis
Chronic- colonic poly/carcinoma > occult bleeding
Causes of megaloblastic anemia x2
B12 and folate deficiency
Abnormalities in nucleic acid
2 causes of non megaloblastic anemia
Myelodysplasia
Abnormal RBC maturation
Causes of reduced heme synthesis in microcytic anemia x2
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia
Smear characteristics of reduced globin production x4
Hypochromia
Microcytosis
Target cells
Tear drops
Causes of immune mediated hemolytic anemia 2x2 groups
Cold agglutin:
1. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
2. Post mycoplasma hemolytic anemia
Warm agglutin:
1. Drug induced
2. Transfusion reaction
3. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Causes of extravascular non immune mediated anemia x5
Macro circulatory- spleen, extra-corporeal circulation
Micro circulatory- DIC, TTP, HUS
State 5 causes of prolonged bleeding time
Uremia
Thrombocytopenia
Von willebrand disease
Hereditary platelet dysfunction
Blood vessel disorders
2 functions of von willebrand factor
Its a carrier protein for plasma factor VIII ie antihemophilic factor
Binds to gpIb receptor complex ie gp Ib-IX-V to initiate platelet adhesion
Assessment of primary hemostasis x4
Platelet aggregation
Platelet number and morphology
Bleeding time
Von willebrand factor
Assessment of secondary hemostasis x5
PT- Prothromin time
aPTT- activated partial thromboplastin times
Mixed study
Fibrinogen
Thrombin time
D dimer
Bleeding disorders with normal PT and aPTT x5
Platelet disorders
Vascular disorders
Dsyfibrinogenemia
Factor VII deficiency
Alpha 2 antiplasmin deficiency
Clotting factor abnormalities, congenital and acquired x5
Congenital- von willebrand disease, factor 8 and 9 deficiency
Acquired - vit k deficiency, oral anticoagulants
Treatment of von willebrand diasese x3
Cryoprecipitate ie a source of factor 8 and vWF
DDAVP stimulates secretion of of vWF from endothelium
Factor 8 concentrate
Causes of acquired hemophilia x3
Malignancy
Post partum
Autoimmune disorders
Indications of fresh frozen plasma x3
Deficiency of factor 5,7,9,10,13
Severe liver disease
DIC
Indications of cryoprecipitate x3
vWF disease
Hemophilia A
Hypo/dysfibrinogenemia
Causes of hematological changes in HIV
Marrow defects and immune cytopenias
Opportunistic infections or lymphomas
Side effects of drugs- HIV and opportunistic infections
Causes of thrombosis in HIV patients x5
Age>45
HIV therapy- indinavir
Hospitalization
Advanced stage HIV
CMV/AIDS related opportunistic infections
2 characteristics of hemophagocytic syndrome
Proliferation of histiocytes
Phagocytosis of marrow blood cell precursors
