Heart failure Flashcards
What are the causes of heart failure x5
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Valvular heart diseases
Ischemic heart diseases
Hypertensive cardiomyopathy
Congenital heart diseases
Describe stage A of heart failure
Stage A- at risk patients without signs and symptoms current or prior, no structural cardiac changes
Describe stage B pre HF
No symptoms and evidence of one of the following
1. Structural heart disease
2. Abnormal cardiac function
3. Elevated natriuretic peptide
3 causes of systolic/forward heart failure
Cardiomyopathy
Myocardial infarction
Ischemic heart disease
State 4 causes of diastolic/backward failure
Cardiac tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
State 4 causes of low output heart failure
Cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
Ischemic heart disease
VSD
Reason why LHF causes Right heart failure x5
Salt an water retention
Mitral stenosis with pulmonary hypertension
Both ventricles share the same wall
Muscle bundles composing of both ventricles are continuous
Biochemical changes occurring in LHF also affect right side
System by system complications of heart failure x6
CNS- CVA
CVS- arrhythmias
Renal - cardiorenal syndrome and hyponatremia
GIT- cardiac cirrhosis
Resp- pulmonnary edema, effusion
Vascular- DVT, cellulitis
Define heart failure
A clinical syndrome where structural and functional abnormalities of the heart makes it unable to pump adequate amount blood
Acquired Causes of prolonged QT interval x5
Drugs ie Na channel blockers
Hypo Ca, Mg, Ka
Hypothermia
Raised ICP
AMI
Beta blockers in Drugs of mortality benefit DOMB x4
- Bisoprolol
- Metoprolol
- Nebivolol
- Carvedilol
State 2 aldosterone receptor blockers/ mineralcorticoid receptor agonist
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
State 2 SGLT2 inhibitors
- Dapagliflosin
- Empaliflosin
ACE Inhibitors in DOMB x5
Captopril
Lisinopril
Ramipril
Enalapril
Benazepril
Angiotensin receptor blockers x4
Lorsatan
Valsartan
Candesartan
Irbesartan
Complications of hypertension x5
Stroke
Heart failure
Chronic kidney disease
Coronary artery disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Purpose of statins in treatment of hypertension
To prevent and treat cardiovascular disease(complications) in hypertensive patients
They reduce plasma cholesterol and lower blood pressure
