Liver, Pancreas, And Biliary Systems

Question 1

Major function of liver

Answer 1

Filters all blood going into GI system

Question 2

Exocrine function of pancreas

Answer 2

Secretion of digestive enzymes via pancreatic duct to duodenum

Question 3

Endocrine function of pancreas

Answer 3

Secrete glucagon and insulin from beta cells (islets of langerhans)

Question 4

Gallbladder major function

Answer 4

Stores bile during fasting, secretes bile after consumption of food

Question 5

Bile major role

Answer 5

Digestion of fat

Question 6

Hormone that signals gallbladder to release bile

Answer 6

Cholecystokinin

Question 7

Hepatic osteodystrophy

Answer 7

Wedging of vertebrae, kyphosis, susceptibility to crush fractures - due to hepatic disease (S&S of hepatic disease)

Question 8

Hepatic disease S&S

Answer 8

Dark urine (has to do with inability to convert biliruben properly), clay colored feces
*Asteristix - Neurological - tremors, ammonia damages neurons,
Jaundice (first whites of eyes turn yellow, then skin)
Palmar erythema - red hands
RUQ pain
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic osteodystrophy
MS pain

Question 9

Hematochezia vs Melena

Answer 9

Less v more blood in urine due to excess levels of biliruben

Question 10

Cirrhosis

Answer 10

Final result of chronic inflammation of the liver - necrosis, replaced with fibrotic tissue

Question 11

Ascites what is it? Caused by what most commonly? How much accumulation to be considered ascites?

Answer 11

Fluid accumulation in interstitial tissue of abdomen - cirrhosis, portal HTN, 500mL

Question 12

Pancreatitis acute cause? S&S

Answer 12

Gallstones, alcohol abuse

Abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia

Question 13

Pancreatitis chronic cause? S&S

Answer 13

Alcohol abuse

Weight loss, steatorrhea, NIDDM

Question 14

Cholesthiasis cause? S&S

Answer 14

Stone in gallbladder made from cholesterol or bile salts

Ranges from asymptomatic to VERY painful if it is large - can be handled non-surgically (ultrasound) or surgically (long recovery)