Liver histology

Question 1

How much alcohol would it take to have a large risk to develop cirrhosis in 5 years?

Answer 1

90 F 120 M grams of alcohol/day

Question 2

How much would it take to develop a small risk for cirrhosis in 5 years?

Answer 2

30 F 60 M grams of alcohol/day

Question 3

Which two vessels lead towards the liver?

Answer 3

• Hepatic portal vein (70-80%)
• Hepatic artery

Question 4

Via which vessel does oxygen leave the liver?

Answer 4

Via the hepatic veins to the inferior vena cava

Question 5

Via how many ducts does bile get to the gallbladder?

Answer 5

Two

Question 6

Which three structures do the portal areas consist of?

Answer 6

• Branch of hepatic portal vein
• Branch of hepatic artery
• Bile duct

Question 7

What seperates the liver lobules?

Answer 7

Interlobular septum

Question 8

How wide are liver lobules?

Answer 8

1 mm

Question 9

How thick (cell number) are the sheaths of hepatocytes surrounding the central vein?

Answer 9

max 2 cell layers

Question 10

What type of capillaries flow between the hepatocytes?

Answer 10

Sinusoids

Question 11

What do sinosoids lack but helps its function?

Answer 11

• Basal lamina
• Endosomes

Question 12

What are the macrophages called that move along the sinusoids in the liver?

Answer 12

Kupffer cells

Question 13

What do kupffer cells remove?

Answer 13

• Damaged cells
• Parasites
• Iron storage
• Heavy metals

Question 14

What is less visible in human preparations than compared to pigs?

Answer 14

Interlobular septum

Question 15

How do Kupffer cells look under the microscope?

Answer 15

Dark (black) cells near sinusoids

Question 16

What connects to the lateral domain of hepatocytes?

Answer 16

Canaculi that connect to the portal area (triad)

Question 17

What are canaliculi?

Answer 17

Arms of the bile ducts that are laterally positioned to the hepatocytes

Question 18

What is the space of Disse?

Answer 18

Space between hepatocyte and sinusoid

Question 19

What characterizes the sinusoidal domain of hepatocytes?

Answer 19

• Microvilli
• Secretion of proteins and hormones

Question 20

What substances are transported in the bile ducts?

Answer 20

• Bile salts
• Bilirubin glucuronide
• Phospholipids
• Cholesterol
• Na+ and HCO3-

Question 21

What % of bile salts are recirculated?

Answer 21

90%

Question 22

How is the toxic substance bilirubin produced?

Answer 22

Mostly from breakdown of hemoglobin

Question 23

How is bilirubin detoxified?

Answer 23

Hepatocytes make bilirubin glucuronide

Question 24

Where are cholesterol and phospholipids secreted to?

Answer 24

Space of Disse

Question 25

Which toxic product is secreted through the kidney but produced in the liver by breakdown of proteins?

Answer 25

Urea

Question 26

Where are drugs, antibiotics and alcohol broken down in the cell?

Answer 26

Smooth ER and peroxisomes

Question 27

Which functions do perilobular cells have?

Answer 27

• Gas exchange
• Hormones
• Glucose-liberating
• Fatty-acid oxidation

Question 28

Which functions do centrolobular cells have?

Answer 28

• Glycolysis
• Fatty-acid synthesizing enzymes