Liver enzymes

Question 1

which liver enzymes come from the mitochondria

Answer 1

AST

Question 1

which liver enzymes are released during liver necrosis

Answer 1

ALT AST LD

Question 1

what is the role of AST

Answer 1

helps shuffle malate in and out of the mitochondria of all cells (not liver specific)

Question 2

where is ALT found

Answer 2

liver and muscle

Question 3

when AST>>ALT, what do you think

Answer 3

acute, affecting mitochondria (especially alcohol and toxins)

Question 4

which liver enzymes come from the hepatocellular membrane

Answer 4

ALP GGT

Question 5

what is the role of GGT

Answer 5

helps with transport of amino acids across membranes and important in the production of glutathione

Question 5

what is the difference in the levels of ALP and GGT with extra and intra hepatitic jaundice

Answer 5

extra - GGT and ALP +++ (usually 10x higher) intra - GGT and ALP +

Question 6

why is AST and ALT normal in someone with cirrhosis

Answer 6

because the liver cells are being replaced by scar tissue - no hepatocytes left to damage and release AST and ALT

Question 7

where is GGT found

Answer 7

liver, biliary epithelium, renal (small amount)

Question 8

what are the main drugs that cause hepatocellular injury

Answer 8

antiobiotics statins ethanol paracetamol herbal tea

Question 10

which liver enzymes are released by inducing drugs

Answer 10

GGT and ALP

Question 12

where is ALP found

Answer 12

bone, liver, placenta

Question 14

how does damage to the cytoskeleton of the hepatocyte occur (3 ways)

Answer 14

• oxidate stress leading to thiol depletion and increased Ca - hypoxia - covalent binding toxin to cytoskeletal proteins

Question 15

when ALT>AST, what do you think

Answer 15

chronic/resolving especially hepatitis

Question 15

what would the level of AST be during chronic liver disease

Answer 15

normal

Question 16

which liver enzymes come from the cytoplasm

Answer 16

ALT AST LD

Question 17

what are the approximate levels of ALT during hepatitis A mild to severe

Answer 17

mild - 250 moderate - 1000 severe = 5000

Question 18

which out of AST and ALT has the longer half life

Answer 18

ALT

Question 20

what is the normal level of ALT

Answer 20

less than 50

Question 21

what is the role of ALT

Answer 21

transfers Energy to muscle and liver (more liver)

Question 22

what are the most common antibiotics that cause hepatocellular injury

Answer 22

flucloxacillin and amoxil

Question 23

which liver enzymes are released during biliary obstruction

Answer 23

ALP and GGT