Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z MD1 GI block > anatomy - anterior and posterior abdominal muscles and retroperitoneal viscera > Flashcards

anatomy - anterior and posterior abdominal muscles and retroperitoneal viscera Flashcards

1
Q

inferior margin of the transversus abdominus

A

-most attaches to anterior 2/3 of iliac crest - lowermost fibres arise from the lateral 1/2 of the inguinal ligament –> arch upwards and into tho the pubic crest via the conjoin tendon with the internal oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inferior margin of the rectus abdominus

A

body and crest of the pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

route and insertion of psoas major muscles

A

fibres converge and head beneath the inguinal ligaments –> converge with iliacus muscle as the iliopsoas tendon and insert into the lesser trochanter of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

layers from superficial to deep of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  • skin - superficial fascia - rectus abdominus - external oblique - internal oblique - transversus abdominis - fascia transversalis - extraperitoneal fat - serous pariteal peritoneum - visceral peritoneus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where are the lumbar veins relative to psoas

A

lumbar veins sit behind psoas major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

renal arteries split into the

A

segmental arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the pectineal ligament

A

the linear extension of the lacunar ligament that lies along the pectineal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

narrowing throughout the ureter

A

beginning (where the renal pelvis narrows to become the ureter) end (where the ureter enters the bladder) middle - compression/kinking produced as the ureter tips over the pelvic brim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lateral margin of the rectus abdominus

A

clear lateral border - linear semilunaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

surface marking of the gall bladder is where

A

where the linear semilunaris intersects with the costal margin on the R side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is the internal inguinal ring

A

halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle, a fingers breath above the inguinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is visceral peritoneum

A

surrounds abdominal viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

posterior margin of the transversus abdominus

A

attaches to thoraco-lumbar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

renal pelvis formed by

A

the uniting of 2 or 3 major calyces (each in turn receives 2 or 3 minor calyces (receives the apex of the downward pointing pyramidal components of the medulla))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

next muscle lying lateral to psoas major/minor superiorly

A

quadratus lumborum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

next muscle lying lateral to psoas major

A

psoas minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

next muscle lying lateral to psoas major/minor inferiorly

A

iliacus muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

superior margin of the retus abdominus

A

overlaps the costal margin and attaches to the anterior surface of costal cartilages 5,6 and 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

origin of psoas major muscles

A

from the lower border of T12 to the upper border of L5 (attached to the bodies, the discs and the medial ends of the transverse processes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

orign, route and insertion of iliacus muscle

A

arises from the iliac fossa –> fibres converge and pass beneath the inguinal ligament, meet the psoas fibres, and together they insert via a conjoint tendon (iliopsoas tendon) –> insert into the lesser trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

position exactly of the psoas major muscles

A

lie in the gutter between the bodies and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

venous drainage of the anterior abdominal wall

A

dual system - anastomose - by IVC (canal system) - by portal venous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

function of quadratus lumborum

A

stabilises the 12th rib and laterally flexus the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

difference between intraperitoneal viscera and retropertioneal viscera

A

intra - organ completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum and connected to the posterior abdominal wall by a mesentry retro - pareital peritoneum only goes over the front of the organ (the posterior part of the organ sits back on the posterior abdominal wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is mesentry

A

the double fold of peritoneum that goes to surround the viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

order of movement through the inguinal canal

A
  • creates an opening in the transversalis fascia = deep/internal inguinal ring - traverses the inguinal canal - exits through the superficial/external inguinal ring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

medial margin of the external oblique

A

meet with fibres from the other side at the linea alba (midline vertical raphe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what forms the floor, roof, anterior walls and posterior walls of the inguinal canal

A

floor - inguinal ligament roof - arching fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominus anterior wall: external oblique aponeurosis, internal oblique muscle (lateral) posterior wall: transversalis fascia, conjoint tend (medial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where is the lumbar plexus relative to psoas

A

within psoas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

origin of psoas minor

A

from the lower borders of T12 and L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where is the neurovascular plane of the anterior abdominal wall

A

lies between internal oblique and transversus abdominus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

inferior margin of the external oblique

A

inferior fibres insert onto the anterior half of the iliac crest and the pubic tubercle and pubic crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is important about where the 3 layers of the thoracolumbar fascia fuse

A

it is the anchor point for the muscles of the abdominal wall

26
Q

posterior margin of the external oblique

A

free posterior edge

26
Q

major structures of the kidney hilum from anterior to posterior

A

renal vein renal artery dilated upper part of the ureter (renal pelvis) (also nerves and lymphatics)

27
Q

surrounding the kidney…

A

fibrous capsule perirenal fat renal fascia

28
Q

where does the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall originate from

A

segmental innervation by the ventral rami of T6-L1

28
Q

length and position of the ureter

A

25-30cm long - initially relates to psoas as it passes down the posterior abdominal wall –> then tip over the pelvic brim –> run around the lateral wall of the pelvis and into the bladder

30
Q

direction of fibres of the transversus abdominus

A

horizontally forwards towards the midline

31
Q

inferior margin of the internal oblique

A
  • most fibres take origin form the anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest - lowermost fibres actually arise from the lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligaments –> arch over and downwards and insert into the pubic crest with transversus abdominus via conjoined tendon
32
Q

where do the gonads develop

A

in the extraperitoneal fat of the superior lumbar region of the posterior abdominal wall

34
Q

lateral and medial parts of all three abdominal muscles

A

lateral - fleshy medial - aponeurotic

35
Q

direction of rectus abdominus

A

long vertical muscle

36
Q

origin and insertion of quadratus lumborum

A

arises from the posterior half of the iliac crest and the iliolumbar ligament and inserts into the inferior border of the 12th ribs

37
Q

framework of the position of the poster abdominal muscles

A

fills in the gap left between 12th rib above, the posterior half of the iliac crest inferiorly and lateral to the lumbar vertebra 1-5, sitting in the paravertebral gutters

38
Q

where are the levels of the tendonous intersections of the rectus abdominus

A
  • umbilicus - xyphisternum - halfway between the other two
39
Q

3 layers of the thoracolumbar fascia

A
  • posterior leaf - attaches to the tip of the spinous processes - middle leaf - attaches to the tip of the transverse processes - anterior leaf - attaches to the anterior aspect of the transverse processes 3 layers fuse at the line of the tip of the 12th rib
40
Q

where is the sympathetic trunk relative to psoas

A

lying on the front

40
Q

foetal development of the kidney in respect to positioning in the body

A

starts off lower in the posterior abdominal wall due to differential growth rates –> kidney changes position –> T12-L3 (means they take change their blood supply throughout their development moving upwards through the abdominal wall)

41
Q

position of the right kidney relative to the left kidney

A

right sits slightly loweer than the left due to the liver

43
Q

function of tendonous intersections of the rectus abdominus

A

breaks up the vertical ascent of the fibres to make them more powerful (more powerful than one long muscle)

44
Q

routes of right and left renal veins

A

right - straight across into the IVC left - crosses anterior to the aorta and then into the IVC

46
Q

what makes up the mesentery

A

where the serous parietal peritoneum reflects off as a double fold of peritoneum to surround viscera

47
Q

major roles of the abdominal muscles

A
  • muscles of active expiration - increase abdominal pressure to assist with evacuation processes
48
Q

size of kidneys

A

10cm long, 5cm wide, 2.5cm thick

50
Q

landmark of T10

A

umbilicus

51
Q

compartments of the thoracolumbar fascia

A

posterior compartment - contains erector spinae anterior compartment - contains quadratus lumborum

52
Q

position of the kidney in the abdominal contents

A

lateral to lumbavertebral column and psoas, in the paravertebral gutters on quadratus lumborum, adjacent to T12-L3, intimately related to the diaphragm - retroperitoneal

54
Q

first muscles lateral to the lumbar vertebra of the posterior abdominal wall

A

pair of psoas major muscles

56
Q

superior margin of the transversus abdominus

A

underlaps the costal margin

58
Q

Superior margin of the external oblique

A

overlaps the costal margin onto the anterior surface of the lower 8 ribs lying edge to edge with pectoralis major and serratus anterior

59
Q

shape of right and left adrenal glands

A

right - pyramidal shaped which sits right on the top of the kidney left - crescent shaped - sits at the superior aspect of the medial border

60
Q

macroscopic anatomy of the cortex and medulla of the kidney

A
  • outer, pale continuous cortex - inner, discontinuous darker medulla arranged as a series -of pyramids
61
Q

where is the superficial/external inguinal ring

A

it is the medial triangular opening in the external oblique aponeurosis between the attachments of the internal oblique and transversus abdominus

62
Q

medial margin of internal oblique

A

linea alba (vertical raphe of the midline)

64
Q

what forms the rectus sheath

A

the aponeuroses of the 3 lower muscles of the abdominal wall

65
Q

insertion of psoas minor

A

blends in with the fascia overlying psoas major

67
Q

what is the inguinal ligmanet

A

the thickened free inferior edge of the external oblique spanning from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle

68
Q

blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  • superior epigastric (branch of internal thoracic artery - inferior epigastric (branch of external iliac artery) - (superficial epigastric lying in the superficial fascia)
69
Q

function of the inguinal canal

A

passageway that the testes takes through the anterior abdominal wall once its go down from its beginnings in the extra-peritoneal fat on the posterior abdominal wall

70
Q

timescale of testes migration

A

12th week in pelvis 28th week - close to the beginning of inguinal canal 3 day traverse through inguinal canal in the scrotum a couple of weeks later

71
Q

fascia of the posterior abdominal muscles

A

enclosed by the thoracolumbar fascia (except for psoas which has its own fascia = psoas fascia)

72
Q

landmarks of the pelvis

A

iliac crest with ASIS pubic crest with pubic tubercle

73
Q

direction of fibres of the external and internal obliques

A

external - front pockets internal - back pockets

74
Q

placement of the right and left renal arteries (relative to the abdominal aorta)

A

come out horizontal from the abdominal aorta (left arises slightly higher than the right) - right goes behind the IVC - left straight into the renal hilum

76
Q

posterior margin of the internal oblique

A

take origin from the thoro-columnar fascia

77
Q

anterior and posterior surfaces of the rectus sheath

A

anterior - complete posterior - complete until about an inch below the umbilicus - disappears at the arcuate line

78
Q

the hilum of the kidney faces which direction

A

anteriomedially

79
Q

superior margin of the internal oblique

A

edge to edge to the costal margin

80
Q

what is the lacunar ligament

A

where the inguinal ligmanet thickens medially and extends medially into a crescent shaped ligament extending onto the peritoneal lining of the pubic bone

Z MD1 GI block (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions