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Z MD1 GI block > anatomy - anterior and posterior abdominal muscles and retroperitoneal viscera > Flashcards

anatomy - anterior and posterior abdominal muscles and retroperitoneal viscera Flashcards

1
Q

inferior margin of the transversus abdominus

A

-most attaches to anterior 2/3 of iliac crest - lowermost fibres arise from the lateral 1/2 of the inguinal ligament –> arch upwards and into tho the pubic crest via the conjoin tendon with the internal oblique

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2
Q

inferior margin of the rectus abdominus

A

body and crest of the pubis

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2
Q

route and insertion of psoas major muscles

A

fibres converge and head beneath the inguinal ligaments –> converge with iliacus muscle as the iliopsoas tendon and insert into the lesser trochanter of the femur

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3
Q

layers from superficial to deep of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  • skin - superficial fascia - rectus abdominus - external oblique - internal oblique - transversus abdominis - fascia transversalis - extraperitoneal fat - serous pariteal peritoneum - visceral peritoneus
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3
Q

where are the lumbar veins relative to psoas

A

lumbar veins sit behind psoas major

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4
Q

renal arteries split into the

A

segmental arteries

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5
Q

what is the pectineal ligament

A

the linear extension of the lacunar ligament that lies along the pectineal line

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5
Q

narrowing throughout the ureter

A

beginning (where the renal pelvis narrows to become the ureter) end (where the ureter enters the bladder) middle - compression/kinking produced as the ureter tips over the pelvic brim

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6
Q

lateral margin of the rectus abdominus

A

clear lateral border - linear semilunaris

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7
Q

surface marking of the gall bladder is where

A

where the linear semilunaris intersects with the costal margin on the R side

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7
Q

where is the internal inguinal ring

A

halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle, a fingers breath above the inguinal ligament

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8
Q

where is visceral peritoneum

A

surrounds abdominal viscera

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8
Q

posterior margin of the transversus abdominus

A

attaches to thoraco-lumbar fascia

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9
Q

renal pelvis formed by

A

the uniting of 2 or 3 major calyces (each in turn receives 2 or 3 minor calyces (receives the apex of the downward pointing pyramidal components of the medulla))

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11
Q

next muscle lying lateral to psoas major/minor superiorly

A

quadratus lumborum

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12
Q

next muscle lying lateral to psoas major

A

psoas minor

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12
Q

next muscle lying lateral to psoas major/minor inferiorly

A

iliacus muscle

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13
Q

superior margin of the retus abdominus

A

overlaps the costal margin and attaches to the anterior surface of costal cartilages 5,6 and 7

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13
Q

origin of psoas major muscles

A

from the lower border of T12 to the upper border of L5 (attached to the bodies, the discs and the medial ends of the transverse processes)

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13
Q

orign, route and insertion of iliacus muscle

A

arises from the iliac fossa –> fibres converge and pass beneath the inguinal ligament, meet the psoas fibres, and together they insert via a conjoint tendon (iliopsoas tendon) –> insert into the lesser trochanter

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14
Q

position exactly of the psoas major muscles

A

lie in the gutter between the bodies and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebra

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15
Q

venous drainage of the anterior abdominal wall

A

dual system - anastomose - by IVC (canal system) - by portal venous system

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15
Q

function of quadratus lumborum

A

stabilises the 12th rib and laterally flexus the spine

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16
Q

difference between intraperitoneal viscera and retropertioneal viscera

A

intra - organ completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum and connected to the posterior abdominal wall by a mesentry retro - pareital peritoneum only goes over the front of the organ (the posterior part of the organ sits back on the posterior abdominal wall)

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17
what is mesentry
the double fold of peritoneum that goes to surround the viscera
18
order of movement through the inguinal canal
- creates an opening in the transversalis fascia = deep/internal inguinal ring - traverses the inguinal canal - exits through the superficial/external inguinal ring
19
medial margin of the external oblique
meet with fibres from the other side at the linea alba (midline vertical raphe)
20
what forms the floor, roof, anterior walls and posterior walls of the inguinal canal
floor - inguinal ligament roof - arching fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominus anterior wall: external oblique aponeurosis, internal oblique muscle (lateral) posterior wall: transversalis fascia, conjoint tend (medial)
21
where is the lumbar plexus relative to psoas
within psoas
21
origin of psoas minor
from the lower borders of T12 and L1
23
where is the neurovascular plane of the anterior abdominal wall
lies between internal oblique and transversus abdominus
24
inferior margin of the external oblique
inferior fibres insert onto the anterior half of the iliac crest and the pubic tubercle and pubic crest
25
what is important about where the 3 layers of the thoracolumbar fascia fuse
it is the anchor point for the muscles of the abdominal wall
26
posterior margin of the external oblique
free posterior edge
26
major structures of the kidney hilum from anterior to posterior
renal vein renal artery dilated upper part of the ureter (renal pelvis) (also nerves and lymphatics)
27
surrounding the kidney...
fibrous capsule perirenal fat renal fascia
28
where does the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall originate from
segmental innervation by the ventral rami of T6-L1
28
length and position of the ureter
25-30cm long - initially relates to psoas as it passes down the posterior abdominal wall --\> then tip over the pelvic brim --\> run around the lateral wall of the pelvis and into the bladder
30
direction of fibres of the transversus abdominus
horizontally forwards towards the midline
31
inferior margin of the internal oblique
- most fibres take origin form the anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest - lowermost fibres actually arise from the lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligaments --\> arch over and downwards and insert into the pubic crest with transversus abdominus via conjoined tendon
32
where do the gonads develop
in the extraperitoneal fat of the superior lumbar region of the posterior abdominal wall
34
lateral and medial parts of all three abdominal muscles
lateral - fleshy medial - aponeurotic
35
direction of rectus abdominus
long vertical muscle
36
origin and insertion of quadratus lumborum
arises from the posterior half of the iliac crest and the iliolumbar ligament and inserts into the inferior border of the 12th ribs
37
framework of the position of the poster abdominal muscles
fills in the gap left between 12th rib above, the posterior half of the iliac crest inferiorly and lateral to the lumbar vertebra 1-5, sitting in the paravertebral gutters
38
where are the levels of the tendonous intersections of the rectus abdominus
- umbilicus - xyphisternum - halfway between the other two
39
3 layers of the thoracolumbar fascia
- posterior leaf - attaches to the tip of the spinous processes - middle leaf - attaches to the tip of the transverse processes - anterior leaf - attaches to the anterior aspect of the transverse processes 3 layers fuse at the line of the tip of the 12th rib
40
where is the sympathetic trunk relative to psoas
lying on the front
40
foetal development of the kidney in respect to positioning in the body
starts off lower in the posterior abdominal wall due to differential growth rates --\> kidney changes position --\> T12-L3 (means they take change their blood supply throughout their development moving upwards through the abdominal wall)
41
position of the right kidney relative to the left kidney
right sits slightly loweer than the left due to the liver
43
function of tendonous intersections of the rectus abdominus
breaks up the vertical ascent of the fibres to make them more powerful (more powerful than one long muscle)
44
routes of right and left renal veins
right - straight across into the IVC left - crosses anterior to the aorta and then into the IVC
46
what makes up the mesentery
where the serous parietal peritoneum reflects off as a double fold of peritoneum to surround viscera
47
major roles of the abdominal muscles
- muscles of active expiration - increase abdominal pressure to assist with evacuation processes
48
size of kidneys
10cm long, 5cm wide, 2.5cm thick
50
landmark of T10
umbilicus
51
compartments of the thoracolumbar fascia
posterior compartment - contains erector spinae anterior compartment - contains quadratus lumborum
52
position of the kidney in the abdominal contents
lateral to lumbavertebral column and psoas, in the paravertebral gutters on quadratus lumborum, adjacent to T12-L3, intimately related to the diaphragm - retroperitoneal
54
first muscles lateral to the lumbar vertebra of the posterior abdominal wall
pair of psoas major muscles
56
superior margin of the transversus abdominus
underlaps the costal margin
58
Superior margin of the external oblique
overlaps the costal margin onto the anterior surface of the lower 8 ribs lying edge to edge with pectoralis major and serratus anterior
59
shape of right and left adrenal glands
right - pyramidal shaped which sits right on the top of the kidney left - crescent shaped - sits at the superior aspect of the medial border
60
macroscopic anatomy of the cortex and medulla of the kidney
- outer, pale continuous cortex - inner, discontinuous darker medulla arranged as a series -of pyramids
61
where is the superficial/external inguinal ring
it is the medial triangular opening in the external oblique aponeurosis between the attachments of the internal oblique and transversus abdominus
62
medial margin of internal oblique
linea alba (vertical raphe of the midline)
64
what forms the rectus sheath
the aponeuroses of the 3 lower muscles of the abdominal wall
65
insertion of psoas minor
blends in with the fascia overlying psoas major
67
what is the inguinal ligmanet
the thickened free inferior edge of the external oblique spanning from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle
68
blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall
- superior epigastric (branch of internal thoracic artery - inferior epigastric (branch of external iliac artery) - (superficial epigastric lying in the superficial fascia)
69
function of the inguinal canal
passageway that the testes takes through the anterior abdominal wall once its go down from its beginnings in the extra-peritoneal fat on the posterior abdominal wall
70
timescale of testes migration
12th week in pelvis 28th week - close to the beginning of inguinal canal 3 day traverse through inguinal canal in the scrotum a couple of weeks later
71
fascia of the posterior abdominal muscles
enclosed by the thoracolumbar fascia (except for psoas which has its own fascia = psoas fascia)
72
landmarks of the pelvis
iliac crest with ASIS pubic crest with pubic tubercle
73
direction of fibres of the external and internal obliques
external - front pockets internal - back pockets
74
placement of the right and left renal arteries (relative to the abdominal aorta)
come out horizontal from the abdominal aorta (left arises slightly higher than the right) - right goes behind the IVC - left straight into the renal hilum
76
posterior margin of the internal oblique
take origin from the thoro-columnar fascia
77
anterior and posterior surfaces of the rectus sheath
anterior - complete posterior - complete until about an inch below the umbilicus - disappears at the arcuate line
78
the hilum of the kidney faces which direction
anteriomedially
79
superior margin of the internal oblique
edge to edge to the costal margin
80
what is the lacunar ligament
where the inguinal ligmanet thickens medially and extends medially into a crescent shaped ligament extending onto the peritoneal lining of the pubic bone

Z MD1 GI block (18 decks)

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