immunopathology Flashcards
what are the 2 ways that salmonella trigger the immune response
1) bacteria replicates inside macrophages –> activates inflammasomes –> activates fever associated cell death via caspase 1 –> bacteria come out of the cell –> mopped up by neutrophils
2) bacteria causes the DC to secrete IL-18 –> good at getting rid of IC pathogens
what is familial cold uticaria caused by (mechanism)
NLRP3 aggregates with other proteins (including pro-caspase-1) to form an inflammasome –> activates caspase 1 –> cleaves proIL-1 to IL-1 –> acute inflammatory response
how is IL-1 made
made as pro-IL-1 - then cleaved by ICE/caspase 1
what causes gout
excessive consumption of purine rich foods –> monosodium urate formation exceeds renal clearance capacity
what is another name for cryopyrin
NLRP3 (NOD-like R)
what is familial cold uticaria caused by (genetics)
a single point mutation of cryopyrin
mechanism for gout
urate crystal phagocytosis –> activates NLRP3 inflammasome activation –> caspase 1 activation –> cleavage and activation of IL-1 –> acute inflammation in the joints
what syndromes/diseases are associated with metabolic syndrome?
- heart disease
- lipid problems
- HT
- T2DM
- dementia
- cancer
- PCOD
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
treatment for gout
anakinra = IL-1 antagonist
the effects of IL-1 depend on…
- conc of IL-1
- interaction with other molecules
how does metabolic syndrome predispose you to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
hyperlipidaemia –> lipid goes into tissues –> palmitate and ceramides form crystals –> activate inflammasomes –> release IFN-gamma and IL-1 into circulation –> initiates insulin R –> eventually pancreas cant keep up with demand for insulin –> hepatocyte damage (non-alcohol fatty liver disease)
