Liver, Bile, peritoneum, pancreas and imaging Flashcards
What is the liver
Is a vital organ with a complex structure and diverse functions that plays a key role in metabolism, detoxification, and nutrient storage
Where is the liver in the abdomen
Located in the dome of the diaphragm within the abdominal cavity
4 main lobes of liver
left, quadrate, right, caudate
Parts of caudate lobe (in most species )
2 parts- caudate and papillary processes
How are the liver lobes divided (dog,cat)
split into medial and lateral parts
What do the liver lobes allow
movement of organ due to diaphragm
Name some functions of the liver
removal of bacteria
production of clotting factors
breakdown of RBC (degradation of haem)
carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid metabolism
synthesis of plasm proteins
storage of glycogen, iron, copper and vitamins
detoxification of body wastes, xenobiotics and drugs
synthesis of cholesterol and bile acids
percentage of blood entering liver from hepatic portal vein
75%
percentage of blood entering liver from hepatic artery
25%
Blood flow for sinusoids
venous and arterial blood mix as they flow into sinusoids
blood flow for central veins
blood from sinusoids empty into central veins
blood flow for hepatic veins
central veins coalesce into hepatic veins
blood flow for caudal vena cava
hepatic veins empty into caudal vena cava
What is the portal vein
vital blood vessel that carries nutrient-rich, deoxygenated blood from GI tract to the liver for processing, It allows the liver to metabolize nutrients, detoxify harmful substances, and produce essential proteins
What are portosystemic anastomoses
connections between the veins of the portal venous system and systemic venous system
Use of portosystemic anastomoses
alternative pathways for blood to bypass the liver when normal portal circulation is obstructed, such as portal hypertension
What is bile
yellow-green fluid essential for digestion and absorption of fats, as well as the excretion of waste products like bilirubin and cholesterol
What is the enterohepatic circulation
process of bile production, storage , release and recycling involving the liver, gall bladder and small intestine in a continuous cycle
Describe the rough hierarchy of biliary system
Hepatocytes, canaliculi, ductules, ducts, hepatic bile ducts, cystic duct and gallbladder, common bile duct
Cholesterol breakdown for synthesis of bile acids products
cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid
Cholic acid bio synthesis of primary bile acid product
glycocholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid bio synthesis of primary bile acid product
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Cholic acid bio synthesis secondary bile acid product
Deoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid bio synthesis of secondary bile acid product
Lithocholic acid