liver and renal

Question 1

The safest local anaesthetic drug to use, utilising an infiltration technique, for a patient with advanced liver disease in order to remove tooth 35 is:

Answer 1

articaine

Question 2

When providing instructions on first line simple analgesia for a patient with liver cirrhosis, which analgesic medication should be recommended

Answer 2

paracetamol

Question 3

The liver is responsible for the production of which clotting factors involved in the coagulation cascade?

Answer 3

I,II,VII, IX, X and XI
1 2 7 9 10 11

Question 4

Other than clotting factors, which product of the liver is essential in achieving haemostasis?

Answer 4

thrombopoeitin

Question 5

What is the minimum UKELD score for an individual to be placed on a liver transplant list?

Answer 5

49

Question 6

Characterized by liver cell necrosis and inflammation, followed by replacement with fibrotic tissue and regenerating nodules of hepatocytes, and vascular derangement

Answer 6

cirrhosis

Question 7

drug associated with drug induced hepatitis

Answer 7

halothane

Question 8

how is hep A transmitted

Answer 8

faecal oral route

Question 9

the dane particle is found in the serum of patients infected with

Answer 9

hepatitis B

Question 10

what drug clears hep C

Answer 10

sofosbuvir

Question 11

associated risks of NAFLD

Answer 11

diabetes 2
obesity

Question 12

shape of hep D RNA

Answer 12

circular

Question 13

An arteriovenous fistula is provided in which situations

a.
In the abdominal cavity for peritoneal dialysis
b.
Above the elbow for peritoneal dialysis
c.
Above the wrist for peritoneal dialysis
d.
Above the wrist for haemodialysis
e.
Above the elbow for haemodialysis

Answer 13

Above the wrist for haemodialysis

Question 14

On which day of the week would it be best to schedule dental treatment for a patient who receives dialysis every Monday and Friday?

Answer 14

Tuesday

Question 15

Which anticoagulant is commonly used in the management of patients who require renal dialysis?

Answer 15

heparin

Question 16

renal anatomical structure which Actively reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, uric acid and inorganic salts

Answer 16

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 17

renal anatomy structure where water leaves by osmosis

Answer 17

loop of henle

Question 18

renal anatomy structure where Surplus or waste ions and molecules flow out as urine

Answer 18

collecting tubule

Question 19

where in renal structure is Na+ reclaimed by active transport, with water loss by osmosis

Answer 19

distal convoluted tubule

Question 20

potential reasons unable to achieve haemostasis - 4

Answer 20

inherited bleeding disorder - haemophilia a or b or VW

medication - aspirin, anticoagulants

haematological disease - laukaemia

liver disease

Question 21

define thrombocytopenia

Answer 21

reduced platelets

Question 22

define thrombocythaemia

Answer 22

bone marrow makes too many platelets

Question 23

signs of liver disease

Answer 23

bruising
jaundice
clubbing
palmar erythema

Question 24

Reduced RCC, Hb and haematocrit with an increased MCV

Answer 24

anaemia
vitB12/folate deficiency

Question 25

Platelets are reduced
LFTS – deranged
Coagulation screen – prolonged PT and APTT

where should this patient be treated

Answer 25

not safe to treat in primary care due to bleeding risk
hospital setting

Question 26

where is lidocaine metabolised

Answer 26

liver

Question 27

where is articaine metabolised

Answer 27

5-10% liver
rest plasma

Question 28

where should patient with platelets of 50 000 mcL be treated

Answer 28

secondary care - hospital with heaematology unit