liver and renal Flashcards
The safest local anaesthetic drug to use, utilising an infiltration technique, for a patient with advanced liver disease in order to remove tooth 35 is:
articaine
When providing instructions on first line simple analgesia for a patient with liver cirrhosis, which analgesic medication should be recommended
paracetamol
The liver is responsible for the production of which clotting factors involved in the coagulation cascade?
I,II,VII, IX, X and XI
1 2 7 9 10 11
Other than clotting factors, which product of the liver is essential in achieving haemostasis?
thrombopoeitin
What is the minimum UKELD score for an individual to be placed on a liver transplant list?
49
Characterized by liver cell necrosis and inflammation, followed by replacement with fibrotic tissue and regenerating nodules of hepatocytes, and vascular derangement
cirrhosis
drug associated with drug induced hepatitis
halothane
how is hep A transmitted
faecal oral route
the dane particle is found in the serum of patients infected with
hepatitis B
what drug clears hep C
sofosbuvir
associated risks of NAFLD
diabetes 2
obesity
shape of hep D RNA
circular
An arteriovenous fistula is provided in which situations
a.
In the abdominal cavity for peritoneal dialysis
b.
Above the elbow for peritoneal dialysis
c.
Above the wrist for peritoneal dialysis
d.
Above the wrist for haemodialysis
e.
Above the elbow for haemodialysis
Above the wrist for haemodialysis
On which day of the week would it be best to schedule dental treatment for a patient who receives dialysis every Monday and Friday?
Tuesday
Which anticoagulant is commonly used in the management of patients who require renal dialysis?
heparin
renal anatomical structure which Actively reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, uric acid and inorganic salts
proximal convoluted tubule
renal anatomy structure where water leaves by osmosis
loop of henle
renal anatomy structure where Surplus or waste ions and molecules flow out as urine
collecting tubule
where in renal structure is Na+ reclaimed by active transport, with water loss by osmosis
distal convoluted tubule
potential reasons unable to achieve haemostasis - 4
inherited bleeding disorder - haemophilia a or b or VW
medication - aspirin, anticoagulants
haematological disease - laukaemia
liver disease
define thrombocytopenia
reduced platelets
define thrombocythaemia
bone marrow makes too many platelets
signs of liver disease
bruising
jaundice
clubbing
palmar erythema
Reduced RCC, Hb and haematocrit with an increased MCV
anaemia
vitB12/folate deficiency
Platelets are reduced
LFTS – deranged
Coagulation screen – prolonged PT and APTT
where should this patient be treated
not safe to treat in primary care due to bleeding risk
hospital setting
where is lidocaine metabolised
liver
where is articaine metabolised
5-10% liver
rest plasma
where should patient with platelets of 50 000 mcL be treated
secondary care - hospital with heaematology unit
