LIVER ANATOMY Flashcards
1
Q
Hepatic artery
A
25%
2
Q
Portal vein
A
75%
3
Q
chief metabolic organ
A
Liver
4
Q
_________ made up of 80% hepatocytes
A
Liver
5
Q
also known as central vein
A
central canal
6
Q
It makes the feces brown
A
stercobilin
7
Q
give me some example of clotting factors
A
fibrinogen and calcium
8
Q
ion porphyrin ring
A
HEME
9
Q
120 days
A
RBC
10
Q
waste products of hepatocytes
A
bilirubin
11
Q
microphages liver
A
kupffer cells
12
Q
UDPGT means
A
Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase
13
Q
in intestine B2 breakdown
A
B2 - mesobilirubin - mesobilirubinogen - urobilinogen
14
Q
give me the liver functions
A
all fat soluble vitamins
water soluble vitamins
glycogen
15
Q
there are 2 bile acids
A
cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid
16
Q
bile salts are conjugated with ________ and _________
A
amino acids glycine and taurine
17
Q
excretion of bile
A
bile acids, or salts, pigments, cholesterol
BSPC
18
Q
give me the three unconjugated bilirubin
A
BI
indirect bilirubin
water-insoluble bilirubin
BIW
19
Q
protects body from potentially harmful substances absorbed from GIT and toxic by-products of metabolism
A
Detoxification and Drug Metabolism
20
Q
In portal triad
A
hepatic artery
portal vein
bile duct
HPB
21
Q
bilirubin metabolism
200-300 mg bilirubin produced daily
A
Conjugation Function
22
Q
plasma proteins, CHO, lipids, LPPs, clotting factors
normal liver: 12g
albumin/day
metabolism of cholesterol into bile acids
A
synthetic functions
23
Q
functional unit of liver
A
lobules
24
Q
3rd fraction
A
B2 + albumin
25
BI = total bilirubin - B2
1.0 - 0.5
26
B1
bilirubin monoglucoronide
Unconjugated bilirubin
Water - insoluble bilirubin
indirect bilirubin
nonpolar bilirubin
BUWIN
27
B2
bilirubin diglucoronide
conjugated bilirubin
Water - soluble bilirubin
direct bilirubin
polar bilirubin
BCWDP
28
● Composed of Hepatocytes(80%) and Kupffer cells
liver
29
It is located beneath and attached to the_________ protected
by the _________, and held in place by ________
diaphragm
lower rib cage
ligamentous attachments
DLL
30
Liver Has 2 lobes, right and left, separated by the ________
falciform ligament
31
__________lobe is approximately 6x larger
right lobe
32
give me 2 main blood vessels supplying blood
hepatic artery -25% oxygen rich
portal vein - 75% nutrient rich
33
during _________ the patient can survive as long as only ______ is taken
Lobectomy - 65%
34
___________ and ______ found in the liver
engulf bacteria and toxins
35
The liver weighs approximately ___ to _____ in a healthy adult
1.2 - 1.5
36
give me the flow of blood:
hepatic artery and portal vein - hepatic sinusoids - central canal
37
Flow of waste products in hepatocytes
bile canal-intrahepatic ducts-right or left hepatic duct - common hepatic duct-common bile duct -duodenum of small intestine
38
Give me the functions of the liver (5)
1. synthetic function
2. conjugation function
3. detoxification and drug metabolism
4. excretory and secretory functions
5. storage
39
Flow of waste products in hepatocytes:
bile ducts - intrahepatic ducts - right and left hepatic ducts - common hepatic ducts - common bile ducts - duodenum of small intestine
40
capable to create substances
synthetic functions
41
example of synthetic function
plasma proteins
Cholesterol
lipids
lpps
clotting factor
ketone body
enzymes
42
example of cholesterol
glucose and glycogen
43
example lipids
lipoproteins, VLDL, cholesterol
44
example of clotting factor
calcium and fibrinogen
45
normal synthetic function
12g albumin/day
46
metabolism of cholesterol into ________
bile acid
46
metabolism of cholesterol into ________
bile acid
47
All proteins are synthesized in the _________ except for _____________
liver - immunoglobulins
48
After 120 days, these rbcs will phagocytosed by the macrophage in either _______, ________ or ________
spleen, liver, bone marrow
49
The phagocytosed RBCs breakdown product is _________ and _______
globin and heme
50
this will be further metabolized into amino acids which will be delivered in amino acid pool
Globin
51
inside the heme is _______ and _________
porphyrin ring and iron
52
Iron: if it is not in the pathway of the liver) it will be transferred or carried to the liver through a carrier protein, known as ____________
Transferrin
53
the form of iron that the transferrin can carry
Ferric iron (Fe3+)
54
storage form of iron
Ferritin
55
Heme (Porphyrin ring)
The heme (referring to the porphyrin ring) will be oxidized by the enzyme, ________________
Once it is oxidized will be reduced by the enzyme, ______________ this biliverdin will be reduced by the enzyme ____________ Once it undergoes reduction, it will become _____________
Heme oxygenase
biliverdin
biliverdin reductase
unconjugated bilirubin
56
_____________ carrier protein of unconjugated bilirubin
Albumin
57
Other names for conjugated bilirubin
b1
bilirubin monoglucuronide
water-insoluble bilirubin
indirect bilirubin
non-polar bilirubin
58
where will conjugated bilirubin go?
if it ever it is not in the liver it will be carried by the ________ to the __________
albumin
hepatocyte
59
the unconjugated bilirubin will enter the hepatocyte through either of this two methods: (2)
passive diffusion
receptor mediated endocytosis
60
substances found in the hepatocyte:
Y and Z proteins and ligandins
61
Once the unconjugated bilirubin goes inside the hepatocyte, the Y and Z protein will form a ______ with __________
complex
unconjugated bilirubin
62
when there is now a complex with _______, _______,_________ they will now go to ________
Y and z proteins
ligandins
unconjugated proteins
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
63
this is where the conjugation b1 take place
smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte
64
the enzyme that will conjugate the B1 or B2 or the conjugated bilirubin
uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT)
65
the term B 1was used instead of______________________
unconjugated bilirubin
66
___________ is present in the intestine
intestinal bacteria
67
this bacteria will be convert b2 into mesobilirubin
intestinal bacteria
68
now, ______ of the urobilinogen will become _______
80% stercobilin
69
reason why the feces is brown
stercobilin
70
The remaining ____ of the urobilinogen will go to the either the ________ or _________
20%
extrahepatic circulation
systematic circulation
71
the urobilinogen will be reabsorbed into the blood and goes into the liver for excretion int the bile or the urine
extrahepatic circulation
72
urobilinogen may go to the kidney then to the urinary bladder
systematic circulation
73
if the urobilinogen stays in the urinary bladder it will be converted into ________
urobilin
73
if the urobilinogen stays in the urinary bladder it will be converted into ________
urobilin
74
_________one of the substances that causes the yellow coloration in the urine.
urobilin
75
__________ is the primary substance that causes the yellow coloration of urine
urochrome
76
formula of delta bilirubin
B2 = Albumin
77
formula of total bilirubin
b1 + b2 +delta bilirubin = total bilirubin
78
formula of B1
total bilirubin - B2 = B1
79
protects body from potentially harmful substances absorbed from GIT and toxic by-products of metabolism
detoxification and drug metabolism
80
example of detoxification and drug metabolism
alcohol
ammonia
81
cholic acid - conjugated cholic acid
cholate
82
chenodeoxycholic acid - conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid
chenodeoxycholate
83
_______ are conjugated with glycine and taurine forming bile salts
Glycine
84
all fats soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
85
Water soluble vitamins
B 12
86
Storage functions 3 parts
all fats soluble vitamins
water soluble vitamins
glycogen
