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CLIN CHEM LEC > LIPIDS 2 > Flashcards

LIPIDS 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

LIPOPROTEINS
Typically spherical in
shape and range in size
_____ - _____ nm

A

10 to 1200 nm

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2
Q

Composed of both
lipids and proteins,
called __________

A

Apolipoproteins

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3
Q

Larger LPP particles have larger core
regions (contain relatively more TAG and
cholesteryl ester)

A

Lipoproteins

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4
Q

The larger the LPP, the more lipid relative to
CHON, therefore, lighter in density

A

Lipoproteins

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5
Q

Classifications of lipoproteins based on centrifugation

A

chylomicrons
very low density lipoprotein
low density lipoprotein
high density lipoprotein

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6
Q

location of apolipoprotein

A

surface of LPP particles

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7
Q

Functions of apolipoproteins

A

– Help maintain the structural integrity of LPP
– Serve as ligands for cell receptors
– Act as activators and inhibitors of the various
enzymes that modify LPP particles

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8
Q

Contain “Amphipathic helix”

A

Apolipoproteins

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9
Q

– Major protein on HDL

A

Apo A-I

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10
Q

– Measure of anti-atherogenic HDL present in
plasma

A

Apo A-I

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11
Q

– Is a large protein with MW 500 kD
– Principal protein on LDL, VLDL, and
Chylomicrons

A

Apo B

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12
Q

two types of Apo B

A
  • Apo B-100
  • Apo B-48
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13
Q

is found on LDL and VLDL
– Ligand for the LDL receptor

A

Apo B 100

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14
Q

– Exclusively found in chylomicrons

A

Apo B 48

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15
Q

Found in LDL, VLDL, and HDL
– Serves as a ligand for the LDL receptor and the chylomicron
remnant receptor
– Apo E2, Apo E3, Apo E4

A

Apo E

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16
Q
  • Contain apo B-48
A

CHYLOMICRONS

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17
Q

Account for the turbidity of postprandial
plasma

A

CHYLOMICRONS

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18
Q

Readily float to the top of stored plasma
and form a creamy layer

A

chylous, turbid, milky, cloudy, lipemic
plasma/serum

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19
Q

Produced by the intestine

A

Produced by the intestine

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20
Q

Deliver dietary (exogenous) lipids to
hepatic and peripheral cells

A

CHYLOMICRONS

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21
Q

Contain apo B-100, apo E, and apo C

A

VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

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22
Q

Rich in TAG like chylomicrons

A

VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

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23
Q

Account for most of the turbidity observed in fasting hyperlipidemic
plasma specimens but do not form a top, creamy layer

A

VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

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24
Q
  • Major carriers of endogenous (hepatic derived) triglycerides
A

VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

25
Q
  • Transfer TAG from the liver to peripheral tissue
A

VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

26
Q
  • Contains apo B-100 and apo E
A

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

27
Q

Primarily formed as a consequence of the lipolysis of
VLDL

A

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

28
Q

Readily taken up by cells via the LDL receptor
– Accounts for the reason that elevated LDL levels
promote atherosclerosis

A

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

29
Q
  • Significantly smaller than VLDL and chylomicrons
A

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

30
Q
  • Smallest and the most dense
A

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

31
Q
  • Synthesized by both the liver and intestine
A

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

32
Q
  • Can exist either as disk-shaped or as spherical-shaped particles
A

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

33
Q

– Most active form in removing excess cholesterol from peripheral cells

A
  • DISCOIDAL HDL
34
Q
  • Larger in size and richer in lipid than HDL3
  • May be more efficient in delivering lipids to the liver
A

– HDL2

35
Q

2 types of SPHERICAL HDL

A

HDL2
and HDL3

36
Q

minor lipoproteins

A
  • Intermediate Density Lipoprotein
  • Lipoprotein (a)
37
Q

abnormal lipoproteins

A
  • LpX Lipoprotein
  • ẞ-VLDL Lipoprotein or Floating ẞ Lipoprotein
38
Q

Formed through the metabolism of VLDL in
circulation; lipid content, size, and density of IDL is
intermediate between VLDL and LDL

A

Intermediate Density Lipoprotein

39
Q

is similar to LDL in terms of density and overall
composition, and can be thought of as an LDL
particle to which apo(a) has been added, linked
to apoB-100 via a disulfide bond

A

Lipoprotein (a)

40
Q

is an abnormal lipoprotein that accumulates in type
3 hyperlipoproteinemia

A

ẞ-VLDL Lipoprotein / Floating ẞ Lipoprotein

41
Q

DYSLIPIDEMIA
2 categories

A

– Hyperlipoproteinemias
– Hypolipoproteinemias

42
Q

3 SUBDIVISIONS:HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA

A

hypercholesterolemia
hypertriglyceridemia
combined hyperlipidemia

43
Q
  • Most closely linked to heart disease
  • Increased in LDL cholesterol
  • Genetic abnormalities
A
  • Hypercholesterolemia
44
Q
  • Individuals synthesize intracellular
    cholesterol normally, but lack, or are deficient in,
    active LDL receptors
A

FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

45
Q

-cholesterol deposits on the
backs of the hands, knuckles and the Achilles
tendon

A

Tendon xanthomas

46
Q

which are cholesterol deposits in the
cornea

A

Arcus

47
Q

is important

A

Family screening

48
Q

Causes premature CAD

A

Familial Hypercholesterolemia:

49
Q

Result of an imbalance between synthesis and
clearance of VLDL in the circulation

A

– Hypertriglyceridemia

50
Q
  • Life-threatening abnormality because it can cause
    acute and recurrent pancreatitis
A

– Hypertriglyceridemia

51
Q

Presence of elevated levels of serum total cholesterol
and triglycerides
* Considered at increased risk of CHD

A

– Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia

52
Q

Are abnormalities marked by decreased
lipoprotein concentrations

A

HYPOLIPOPROTEINEMIA

53
Q

HYPOLIPOPROTEINEMIA 2 types

A

– Hypoalphalipoproteinemia
– Hypobetalipoproteinemia

54
Q

– Indicates an isolated decrease in circulating HDL
– Tangier Disease

A

Hypoalphalipoproteinemia

55
Q
  • mutations in the ABCA1 gene or the ABCA1 transporter, which
    mediates the first step of the reverse cholesterol transport
    pathway
A

HYPOLIPOPROTEINEMIA

56
Q

LCAT deficiency 2 types

A

Complete (homozygous) and – Mild (heterozygous)

57
Q

The ability of HDL to remove cholesterol from cells called

A

reverse cholesterol transport

58
Q

is one of the main mechanisms proposed to explain the antiatherogenic property of HDL

A

reverse cholesterol transport

CLIN CHEM LEC (13 decks)

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