LABORATORY AND SAFETY PATIENT PREPARATION Flashcards
1
Q
OSHA
A
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
2
Q
→ develop standardized criteria for laboratory practices
A
Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute
3
Q
→ offers largest proficiency survey program in the US
A
College of American Pathologist
4
Q
publishes yearly accreditation manual for hospitals
A
The Joint Commision
5
Q
Physically remove the hazard
A
Elimination
6
Q
Replace the hazard
A
Substitution
7
Q
Isolate the people
A
Engineering control
8
Q
Change the way people work
A
Administrative control
9
Q
Protect the worker with PPE
A
PPE
10
Q
Remove the hazard from the workplace or create a barrier between the workers and the hazard
A
Engineering control
11
Q
Most common biohazard bags
A
Yellow, green, red, black
12
Q
Non-infectious dry waste
A
Black
13
Q
OSHA is enacted by the US congress in
A
1970
14
Q
Public law of OSHA
A
91-596
15
Q
Non-infectious we waste
A
Green
16
Q
Infectious and pathological waste
A
Yellow
17
Q
Chemical waste w/ heavy metal
A
Yellow with black band
18
Q
Radioactive waste
A
Orange
19
Q
Sharps and pressurized containers
A
Red
20
Q
HEPA
A
High Efficiency Particulate Air (Filtration)
21
Q
HEPA filtration of air intake and Exhaust
A
Biosafety Cabinet
22
Q
No filtration of air and exhaust chemical fumes
A
Fume hoods
23
Q
Are those that modify workers work schedules and tasks in ways that minimize their workplace exposure to hazards
A
Administrative controls
24
Q
policies that mandate measures to reduce or eliminate exposure to hazard
A
Work practice controls
25
Infectious agents
Biological
26
Needles, lancets,
broken glass
Sharps
27
Preservatives and
reagents
Chemical
28
Equipment and
radioisotopes
Radioactive
29
Ungrounded or wet
equipment; frayed cords
Electrical
30
Bunsen burners,
organic chemicals
Fire/Explosive
31
Wet floors, heavy
boxes, patients
Physical
32
→ the reaction caused by the rapid oxidation of a combustible
material
Fire
33
Medical waste “may transmit infectious disease”
Biological Hazard
34
Four factors causing fire:
fuel, oxygen, heat, uninhibited reaction
35
Combustible metals also include
sodium, potassium
36
provides a quick visual representation of
the health hazard, flammability, reactivity, and special
hazards that a chemical may pose during a fire.
NFPA
37
“Right to Know” law (published by OSHA; new hazard
communication standard)
● Employees must be notified of the potential health hazards of
the handled chemicals
Chemical Hazard
38
injurious to skin or eyes by direct contact to the
tissue of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract when inhaled
or ingested
Corrosive
39
possible fire or explosion
Flammable/combustible
40
substances that may cause cancer
Carcinogenic
41
substances that can spontaneously explode in
certain conditions
Reactive
42
● aka. Physical Hazards
● Centrifugation lapses
● Lab glassware
Mechanical Hazard
43
Liquid nitrogen
Cryogenic Material
44
Causes strain disorders
Ergonomic Hazard
45
● Ionizing radiation can damage living tissue in the human body
Radiation Hazard
46
Volume shifts between the vascular and interstitial
compartments, volume loss by sweating, and changes in
hormone concentrations.
Exercise
47
is a waste product of metabolism of nitrogenous
compounds (amino acids and proteins); produced via
deamination of adenosine monophosphate and breakdown
of branched-chain amino acid in skeletal muscle
ammonia
48
Elevated levels of proteins in urine
(proteinuria)
49
Decreased plasma levels in long-distance
athletes
FSH and LH
50
RACE
rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish
51
PASS
Pull pin, Aim nozzle, Squeeze trigger, sweep nozzle
52
materials which burn or ignite
flammable
53
materials which cause visible destruction
corrosive
54
materials which are liable to explode
reactive
55
materials which cause harm if they enter the body
Toxic
56
materials which cause harm by irritating the eyes
Irritant
57
materials which can cause harm to the environment
Environmental hazard
58
transient temporary increase in
lactate, fatty acid, ammonia
59
long term increase in
CPK, AST, LD
60
these are enzymes found in muscles
SGOT
61
Vigorous hand exercise (fist-clenching) increases
potassium,
lactate, and phosphate
62
NPO meaning
Nil per os - no eating no drinking
63
is usually done when there is a need for ultrasound of whole abdomen or HBT
NPO
64
8-10 hours:
FBS, OGTT
65
10-15 hours:
lipid profile test
66
12 hrs:
Gastrin determination
67
42 hrs:
increase serum bilirubin
68
72 hrs:
triglycerides
69
High protein diet-increase ________
urea
70
is usually test for pregnant women
GTT
71
test for lipids
TAG
72
may show variation-
postabsorptive hormonal effects.
Glucose, lipids, catecholamines
73
serotonin rich food
banana, pineapple, tomato, avocado
74
increased in obese people
LD, cortisol,glucose
75
Preferred position during phlebotomy:
upright position or
supine at least 15-20 mins before blood collection
76
Changing from supine to sitting or standing position-
increased levels of
of albumin, enzymes, and calcium
77
Changing from sitting to supine
proteins,
lipids, blood urea nitrogen, iron, and calcium
78
Changing from standing to supine position -
decreased levels
of cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins
79
Prolonged standing for more than 30 minutes-
increased
potassium
80
Prolonged bed rest- decreased
→ due to fluid
81
________ tourniquet application is recommended
1-minute
82
Prolonged application of tourniquet
hemoconcentration and anaerobiosis
83
Prolonged use of tourniquet with fist exercise-
increase
potassium (1mmol/L)
84
tobacco smoking Increased in
plasma catecholamines and cortisol
85
tobacco smoking increased in
Increased in glucose, growth hormone, cholesterol,
triglycerides, ammonia, urea, lactate, and urinary 5-HIAA
86
tobacco smoking dcecrease
plasma levels of vitamin B12 and elevated
thiocyanate
87
`alcohol ingestion increase in
Increased level of urate, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl
transferase (GGT)
88
alcohol consumption causes an increase in insulin
concentration leading to low blood sugar
hypoglycemia
89
Affects adrenal hormone secretion
stress (anxiety)
90
stress increased in
catecholamines, cortisol, ACTH, prolactin, insulin,
albumin, glucose, lactate
91
affects acid-base balance
leads to a decrease in the partial pressure of arterial
carbon dioxide
● Hyperventilation-
92
can cause decreased plasma sodium and
potassium.
Diuretics
93
can elevate liver function enzymes.
● Hepatotoxic
94
cause increases in liver and pancreatic enzymes
Opiates
95
Changes that occur within the body such as cyclic changes
(diurnal or circadian) or those resulting from exercise, diet,
stress, gender, age, drugs, posture, or underlying
medications
physiologic variation
96
give me the 4 psychiologic variation
affected by diurnal, age, food, gender
97
Peaks 4-6 AM; lowest 8 PM-12 AM; 50% lower at 8 PM than at 8 AM; increased with stress
cortisol
98
lower at night increased stress
ADH
99
lower at night higher standing than supine
Plasma renin activity
100
lower at night
cortisol and aldosterone
101
higher at afternoon
growth hormone and acid phosphatase
102
increases with exercise
thyroxine
103
Peaks early to late morning; decreases up to 30% during the day
iron
104
4% decrease supine
Calcium
