Liver. 1. Flashcards
What can be diagnosed on FNA on the liver?
Round cell neoplasia.
What can be diagnosed with a cholecystocentesis?
Bacterial cholangitis.
What can only be diagnosed with a liver biopsy?
Copper storage hepatopathy.
You want to diagnose pancreatitis.
Whats most reliable diagnostic tool?
CPLI.
Which part of the liver is the functional unit?
Acinus.
What is the blood flow through the liver?
Hepatic artery and portal vein (afferent).
Acinus, central vein, hepatic vein (efferent).
Can you diagnose the cause of end-stage liver?
No. Everything will be fibrotic and you can’t tell what happened.
- What liver cells make bile?
Hepatocyte.
- Where is bile stored?
Bile caniculi.
Can liver enzymes be normal or even low with liver damage?
Yes, when the cells become too damaged to produce enzymes.
What are the minimum coagulation tests to run for liver issues?
PT and aPTT.
Where does cholecystokinin come from?
Intestinal cells.
What does cholecystokinin do?
Stimulates gallbladder contraction.
What is the afferent blood supply to the liver?
Hepatic artery.
What enzymes are elevated with liver injury?
ALT, SDH, AST (not GGT, ALP).
A 10-year Dog presents with multiple porto-systemic shunts (PSS).
What do you do and what is the prognosis?
Euthanize; grave prognosis.
What are the top 4 differential diagnoses in an icteric cat?
Hepatolipidosis.
Cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis.
FIP.
Lymphoma.
Do you check bile acids on an animal with jaindice?
No.
What are the 3 components of triaditis?
Duodenal lesions.
Biliary tract lesions.
Pancreatic lesions.
What liver enzymes are increased in cholangitis?
All liver enzymes including GGT.
What is is a good drug for hepatobiliary disease?
Ursodiol.
What drug won’t reverse cirrhosis but will prevent it?
Ursodiol.
What characterises suppurative cholangitis?
Neutrophilic infiltrates.
What characterises non-suppurative cholangitis?
Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates
it may progress to the suppurative form.
What kind of hepatic neoplasia is less common in the cat?
Primary neoplasia.
Metastatic is more common.
What is used to diagnose an extrahepatic bile duct obstruction?
Ultrasound.
What shunt is the most common in cats and small dogs?
Single extrahepatic shunt.
What indicates a PSS in a cat?
Dramatically increased bile acids, above 100.
What must be stabilised prior to PSS surgery in a cat?
Hepatic encephalopathy.
What is the most common liver disease in cats?
Idiopathic/primary hepatolipidosis.
What liver values increase in idiopathic/primary hepatolipidosis?
All liver values, but GGT remains normal.
What 3 signs are pathognomonic for idiopathic/primary hepatolipidosis?
Ventroflexion of the neck due to hypokalemia.
Hypophosphatemia.
Thiamine deficiency.
What is the best treatment for idiopathic/primary hepatolipidosis?
Prolonged aggressive nutritional therapy.
