4. Flashcards
A dog cannot place food or water to the back of its mouth.
Where is the issue?
Oropharynx.
A cat has an acute onset of regurgitation.
What is the best diagnostic test?
X ray the cervical area and the thorax.
An animal has PLE due to lymphangiectsa.
What is the best thing they can do?
Give a low fat diet.
A cat has oesophagitis and acute vomiting.
What is the first test you want to do?
X ray the cervical area and the thorax.
Why do you do radiographs in a vomiting case?
To rule out a surgical case from a medical case.
A pug is being treated for acute pancreatitis.
It seemed to get better on day 4.
It had azotemia, oliguria and some other signs.
What is the worst prognostic indicator?
Azotemia and oliguria.
What is the best way to diagnose acute pancreatitis?
Abdominal ultrasound.
A dog had a foreign body removed from the oesophagus.
What is the best way to prevent stricture formation?
Frequent small meals and a PPI.
A dog comes in with diarrhoea and you think it is caused by fungi.
What is the best diagnostic test you can do and get results back quickly?
Rectal scrape.
An owner brings a cat in to you.
They think it has small cell lymphoma or IBD.
They do not have money for a biopsy.
What test can you do?
Start it on prednisone.
An owner came in as their cat has had diarrhoea for 3 days.
They want you to take biopsies as they are convinced it is IBD.
What do you tell them?
It cannot be IBD as IBD is chronic.
IBD must have been occurring for over 3 weeks.
How do you test for food responsive enteritis?
Hydrolysed protein diet trial.
An owner comes in with their dog.
She says every morning it has vomited yellow foam, but no bile since it was a puppy.
What do you tell them to do?
Feed a small meal before bed.
You suspect a dog has IBD.
You gave it probiotics, food and antibiotics and there has been no response.
What can you try now?
Prednisone.
What are 2 blood tests that can help you diagnose exocrine pancreas insufficiency?
Vitamin B12 .
TLI.
Is it easier to find B12 in dogs or cats?
Cats.
What must be done before we take a TLI sample?
Fasting.
You have been treating a cat for pancreatitis but it doesn’t want to eat.
What can you do?
Give it nutrition via an E tube or a NE tube.
You are treating a cat with chronic diarrhoea.
You have been using antibiotics but they have not been working.
What should you try next?
Ronidazole.
What would you give to a cat with megacolon issues?
High fibre in the diet.
A male cat comes in with constipation/tenesmus.
What is the first thing you should rule out?
Urethral obstruction.
A dog has anal sac neoplasia.
What should you monitor?
Calcium.
Can you give prokinetics to help treat parvo?
Yes.
What is given to reduce the risk of intussuseption in parvo cases?
Metoclopramide.
What is indicative of an endoscopic biopsy?
Dogs with low albumin, ascites and suspected lymphangiectasia.
What is an indication for an emergency exploratory celiotomy?
Air showing the peritoneal lining.
A cat had a foreign body removed 3 days ago via surgery.
It has fever, ascites and the fluid in the abdomen has a high neutrophil count.
What do you do next?
Exploratory celiotomy.
A cat has sepsis, hypoglycaemia and a high temperature.
What do you do next?
Broad spectrum antibiotics and IV dextrose to stabilise the cat before surgery.
A cat is hypersalivating.
What is the 1st question you ask?
Is it vaccinated against rabies.
A dog presents with dysphagia.
What is wrong with its tongue?
Denervation.
A cat presents with profuse bleeding from the mouth and the owner thinks she is vomiting blood.
The TPR is normal and there are fleas on the ventrum.
On oral exam you see an ulcer on the soft palate.
What is it?
Eosinophilic granuloma complex.
What differs sepsis from SIRS?
Sepsis is the presence of bacteria and inflammation.
SIRS is inflammation.
What parameters determine SIRS?
Temp.
HR.
RR.
WBC count.
A cat has sepsis what do you do first?
Give broad spectrum antibiotics and dextrose to stabilise before surgery.
A cat has just got out of surgery and is showing signs of sepsis.
What is the next step?
Celiotomy.
A 6 year old Sheltie presents for icterus, abdominal pain, and lethargy that began this morning.
On physical exam, he is QAR, elevated HR, Temp is WNL, Respiratory Rate is WNL.
It is hypersalivating, has
cranial abdominal pain, icteric sclera and mucous membranes.
He throws up in the exam room.
Urinalysis shows dark-brown urine.
On CBC/CHEM, both ALP and ALT are elevated but ALP is more elevated.
Is this patient’s disease Cholestatic or Hepatic?
Cholestatic as ALP is higher than ALT.
What is the worst prognostic indicator for liver disease?
Ascites.
What is the best prognostic indicator for liver disease?
Cholestatic.
Billy a 6 year old golden retriever comes into your clinic with complaints of not eating,
and drooling a lot.
The owner noted that there seems to be something stuck in his mouth.
On physical exam you note that there is a good size dome shaped mass that is black in colour at the mucocutaneous junction.
What should you do next?
Perform a biopsy to diagnose malignant melanoma and then stage the melanoma using regional lymph nodes and thoracic radiographs to determine course of action.
Where do you give the FeLV shot?
Left hindlimb.
What is the 1-2-3 Rule?
If it is still growing 1 month after
the vaccine.
If it is twice the size.
If it persists for over 3 months after the vaccination.
What are the common vaccines that cause vaccine induced sarcomas in cats?
Rabies and FeLV.
What is the most common breed that gets meningitis arteritis?
Beagles.
In an osteosarcoma what liver enzyme should you measure for prognosis?
ALP.
Cutaneous HSA?
UV light exposure.
What rule do you follow for an osteosarcoma?
The 90/10 rule.
For what chemo drug should you monitor ALT?
Lomustine.
An old dog has hemachezia and melena.
What does it have?
Gastrinoma.
You are performing U/S, bloodwork and radiographs.
What is this called?
Staging.
What are 3 common locations for hemangiosarcoma?
Heart, spleen, subcutaneous tissues.
What cats are most likely to be affected by feline lymphoma?
Young cats with FeLV associated disease.
What is the most common location site for MCT in cats?
Cutaneous.
