1. Flashcards
What should be a concern for a cat with dysphagia?
Rabies.
A dog can’t get food or water to the back of the mouth and it cannot swallow.
Where is the problem?
Oropharynx.
A dog is pawing at its face and snapping when you are trying to do the physical exam.
What is the next best plan?
Sedated oral exam.
How do you diagnose idiopathic megaoesophagus in an 8 year old lab?
Rule out all secondary aetiologies.
What is the most common cause of acute diarrhoea and vomiting in animals?
Dietary indiscretion.
A cat has an acute onset of regurgitation.
What is the best diagnostic test?
Radiographs.
What is the best way to diagnose acute pancreatitis?
Rule out surgical with rads and ultrasound and one other abnormality.
What determines surgical emergency on X ray?
Pneumoabdomen.
A dog has a foreign body.
The owner cannot afford surgery.
What are the risks?
Perforations can occur which lead to a more complicated surgery.
There could also be compromise of the intestine.
A dog comes in with hypovolemic shock and other serious signs.
What do you tell the owner?
Admit the dog for stabilisation and further diagnostics.
A cat comes in with chronic diarrhoea.
It is not infectious, and the owner doesn’t want to do anymore diagnostics.
The cat is stable, what is the best trial?
Probiotics.
How do you differ between IBD and a food allergy?
Hydrolysed protein diet trial.
A cat comes in with chronic diarrhoea.
What are the top 3 differentials?
IBD.
Neoplasia.
Infection.
What sign is a common in dogs but not cats with pancreatitis?
Vomiting.
A cat is unable to gain weight, what are the top 3 differentials?
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Neoplasia.
IBD.
A cat has oesophagitis and ulcers in the oesophagus.
What is the best way to feed it
during its 2 week stay at the hospital?
Gastric tube.
A kitten from a shelter is now sick.
It has never been vaccinated.
What do you do?
Isolate before further diagnostics.
What should you monitor in a dog with pancreatitis that could be a surgical emergency?
EHBDO.
A cat has a problem with constipation and was treated symptomatically.
It is now back with the same problem.
What should you do next?
Bloodwork.
Radiographs.
Caudal spine exam.
What differs sepsis from SIRS?
SIRS can get DIC and sepsis cant.
What parameters determine SIRS?
Temperature.
Heart rate.
Respiratory rate.
WBCs.
A cat has sepsis, what should you do first?
Give broad spectrum abs and dextrose to stabilise before surgery.
A cat that just got out of surgery and is now showing signs of sepsis.
What is the next step?
Celiotomy.
A cat was hyporexic for 3 days, what should you do for diet?
1/3 RER day 1.
2/3 RER day 2.
Full RER day 3.
What is a pre-icteral sign?
Acting needy towards the owner.
A dog is sent home with a feeding tube.
What do you teach the owner so they can check if it is in the right place before feeding?
Negative pressure test.
An animal has PLE due to lymphangiectasia.
What’s the best diet thing they can do?
Low fat diet.
A cat has oesophagitis and acute vomiting.
What is the first test you would do?
Cervical and thoracic rads.
Why would you do radiographs in an acute vomiting case?
To rule out surgical vs medical.
Described a pug that was treated for acute pancreatitis.
It seemed to get better on day 4, but had azotemia, oliguria, and some other signs.
What sign is the worst prognostic indicator?
Azotemia and oliguria.
What is the best way to diagnose acute pancreatitis?
Abdominal ultrasound.
A dog has a foreign body removed from the oesophagus.
What’s the best way to try to prevent a stricture from
forming?
Give him frequent small meals and a PPI.
A client comes in because their animal has eaten stuffing from an animal toy.
It is in his small intestine.
The owners don’t have money for surgery so they want to try to pass the fb with fluid therapy.
What are the risks you tell them about?
Perforation and compromising the intestines.
You have a high suspicion that fungal disease is causing diarrhoea.
What is the best diagnostic test you can do and get results back instantly?
Rectal scrape.
An owner comes in with their cat.
You think it is either small cell lymphoma or IBD.
They don’t have money for the biopsy.
What can you do?
Start on Prednisone.
An owner came in and their cat.
It had acute diarrhoea for 3 days.
They want you to take biopsies because they
are convinced it is IBD.
What do you tell them?
It can’t be IBD because the diarrhoea is not chronic.
How do you test trial for food responsive enteritis?
Hydrolysed protein diet trial.
An owner comes in with their dog.
He says the dog has vomited yellow foam, but no bile in the morning since he was a puppy.
What do you tell them to do to see if it helps?
Feed a small meal before bed.
An animal that presents for chronic vomiting.
What are your top 3 differentials?
IBD.
Neoplasia.
Infection.
You suspect IBD and administer probiotics, new food. antibiotics and a probiotic trial.
Nothing has worked.
What could you try now?
Prednisone.
What is a common sign of acute pancreatitis in dogs but not cats?
Vomiting.
You treat a pet for acute pancreatitis.
It doesn’t want to eat.
What should you do?
Feed it via a nasoesopharyngeal or oesophagostomy tube.
A kitten comes in.
It is not vaccinated or dewormed.
It is lethargic and has diarrhoea.
What should you do first?
Isolate and then do diagnostics.
You suspect Parvovirus in a dog, but you have ran out of Parvo SNAP tests.
What can you do instead?
Look at Coronavirus titre.
You are treating a cat with intermittent chronic diarrhoea.
It is on antibiotics and is not getting better.
What should you treat it with next?
Ronidazole.
What could you give to a cat that has had megacolon issues and constipation issues to help it?
Increased dietary fibre.
A male cat comes in with constipation/tenesmis.
What is the 1st thing you should rule out that could be a potential life threatening emergency?
Urethral obstruction.
A dog has an anal sac neoplasia.
What paraneoplastic syndrome is in your mind and what should you monitor?
Calcium.
What is wrong with this dogs tongue (pic)?
De-nervation of the tongue.
What kind of lesion is in this cats mouth (pic)?
Lingual ulcer.
