lit midterm Flashcards
Gilgamesh
fights Humbaba and the bull of heaven, looks for immortality
Enkidu
Gilgamesh’s best friend
Shamash
promises the winds
trapper
meets Enkidu at the waterhole
harlot
teaches civilized behavior to Enkidu
Ishtar
Inana
Ninsun
Gilgamesh’s mom
Nincubura
second coming of Inana
Neti
guards the gates of the Netherworld
Dimuzid
sits of Ishtar’s throne
Anu
gives the bull of heaven to Ishtar
Counselors of Uruk
didn’t want Gilgamesh to fight Humbaba by himself
Humbaba
Monster of Cedar Forest
Aruru
creator of Enkidu
Erishkigal
ruler of the underworld
Archetype
stock character
Epic
a story from a long time ago
parataxis
no chronology
Destruction myth
the world is destroyed then remade
Lament
a cry or complaint
pathetic fallacy
world changes to human action
Syncretism
fusion of 2 different beliefs
Gallu
A Mesopotamian demon that guides Inana in the Underworld.
Anthropomorphism
Gods have human traits
Xenia
guest/host relations
Dialogue
Conversation between +2 people
Chorus
group that summarizes the events of a play
Choragus
main person of the chorus
Prophecy
statement that comes true if acted upon
Oracles
the girl that states a prophecy
Hubris
excessive pride
Hamartia
mistake of knowledge and ignorance
Peripeteia
random person brings info to the protagonist
Juxtaposition
compare and contrast of 2 things
Conventions
accepted practices
Ode
sad greek poem
Dramatic Irony
we know something the main character doesn’t
Suspended disbelief
pretend for sake of the story
Catharsis
emotional cleansing of a cry or laugh
Tragedy
one of the main types of Greek plays
Tragic Hero
Goes through the hero cycle
Tragic flaw
flaw entitled to the hero
Motif
recurring pattern
Explicit theme
theme said to the reader
stock epithets
titles for the many characters in epics
Homeric simile
a comparison to something from a long time ago that we cannot relate to
Oral tradition
traditions passed on by word
Vaunting speech
A speech taunting your opponent, as you’re overtop of them.
Arete
wanting excellence
hubris
excessive pride
Ate
blind rash behavior
Nemesis
punishment
Deus ex machina
God and Machine
Prize of Honor
A gift for soldiers, they were virgins and stayed virgins.
1st labor of Herakles
kill Nemean lion
2nd labor of Herakles
kill the hydra
3rd labor of Herakles
catch the Cerynean Hind
4th labor of Herakles
catch the Erymanthian Boar
5th labor of Herakles
clean the stables of king Augeas
6th labor of Herakles
chase away the Stymphalian birds
7th labor of Herakles
catch the cretan bull
8th labor of Herakles
fetch the mares of Diomede
9th labor of Herakles
get the belt of Hippolyte (Hippolyte is the queen of the Amazons)
10th labor of Herakles
get the cattle of Geryon
11th labor of Herakles
get the apples of the Hesperides (When Herakles is tricked by Atlas)
12th labor of Herakles
bring Cerbreus up from hell
Why did Herakles have to do the labors?
Because he must pay debt for murdering his family
Why did Hera hate Herakles?
Herakles isn’t her son, since Zeus cheated on her.
Decision of Paris
Which of the three women got the golden apple
Marriage of Thetis and Peleus
Eris wasn’t invited, so she dropped the golden apple on the dance floor, Aphrodite, Athena, Hera
Birth of Paris/ Cassandra’s recognition of Paris
was exposed (supposed to die), but he didn’t. Cassandra saw him at a festival, and that’s when everyone realized Paris was still alive.
Marriage of Helen
Everyone wanted to marry Helen, Odysseus and Menelaus make a deal that Odysseus will marry Helen’s sister if Odysseus can find a way to marry Menelaus and her safely.
Blood oath of Helen
Made by Odysseus, people took it and said they would protect Helen and her Husband.
The curse on the House of Atreus
The sons of Atreus are handling a triple curse: the eating of Tantalos, the killing of family members, and adultery.
The three main settings of the Illiad
Ithaca
Troy
Sparta
Clairvoyant
people that can see the future
Exposure
when a newborn is left to die on a mountain.
Scapegoat
A person that is blamed for everything.
Aristotle’s tragic hero cycle
born into royalty
tragic flaw is known
tragic flaw brings its own doom
Odin
ravens serve him, leader of the Norse gods.
Hoenir
brother of Odin
Hod
blind god who threw the dart of mistletoe at Balder. Which accidentally killed Balder
Tyr
Loki
A jotun, Odin’s brother, talks his way out of trouble, had sex with the builder’s horse.
Sif
wife of Thor, hair cut by Loki
Skadi
daughter of Thiazi, gets married to Njord.
Thor
has the Hammer of Mjonir
Idun
she the only one that has the apples of youth
Heimdal
the guardian of the rainbow bridge to Asguard
Balder
Everyone liked him, no one wanted him to have bad dreams, but he did.
Ymir
1st Jotun
Aesir
Weapons based
Vanir
magic based
Fenrir
Son of Loki, is a wolf
Hel
Daughter of Loki, Queen of the dead, lives in Nifflheim
Midgard serpent
the snake that will eat the earth
Norns
control people’s lives by spinning threads.
Freyja
Wife of Odin, cries gold
Thiazi
kidnaps Idun, turns into an eagle and gets burned in flames
Nifflheim
Home of the dead
Asgard
home of the gods
Vanheim
Home of the vanir
Midgard
earth
Valhalla
warrior heaven, has the valkyries
Valkyries
shield maidens
Yggdrasil
world tree
Jotunheim
home of the jotuns
Mjollnir
Thor’s hammer
Sleipnir
Odin’s 8-legged horse
Bifrost
rainbow bridge to Asgard
Draupnir
gold ring that duplicates daily
Gungnir
Odin’s spear
Mimir’s head
always moving
Gram
Sigmund’s sword
Naglfar
ship made of fingernails
collapsable ship
ship given to Freya
Gold boar
owned by Freya
Wergild
payment for dead kin
Retribution
revenge
Weird
fate
grani
Sigurd’s horse, the son of the 8-legged horse, Sleipnir.
Regin
brother of fafnir and otter, taught Sigurd and sent him to kill Fafnir.
Sigmund
father of sigurd, pulled gram from a tree.
Sigurd
hero of the story, married Brunhild
Fafnir
greedy dragon, killed by Sigurd
Otter
killed by Loki,
Hreidmar
father of Fafnir, Otter, and regin, When Otter died, he demanded Wergild in return.
Andvari
Loki robbed him, so Andvari cursed the gold
Brunhild
a valkyrie, disobeyed Odin by making sure the other king won instead of the one that Odin wanted to win.
Grimhild
the mother of gunnar, gudrun, hogni, guthormr
Gunnar
swore an oath of brotherhood with Sigurd
Hogni
husband of Grimhild
Guttorm
murderer of Sigurd
Gudrun
wife of Sigurd