Illiad Flashcards
epic
a long ancient story
Convention
commonly accepted practice
Homeric simile
explaining something from ancient times that we can’t relate to
Stock Epithet
title for a character
Invocation
prayer to a god or goddess
Glosses
summary in the margins
Root stories
before stories that give context to the main story
branch stories
Stories that come after
Epic as a “tree”
Root stories: roots
Epic: trunk
branch stories: branch
Vaunting speech
taunting a dead enemy
digressions
a side story of an epic
Epic hero
a protagonist that follows the epic hero cycle
Prophecies
a vision of the future
Oracles
what a god says
Role of the Gods
wars were the gods arguing
Arete
striving for excellence
Ate
blind rash behavior
Hubris
Excessive pride
Nemesis
Punishment
Changes in Greece because of the Dark Ages
Kings —> city states
bronze —> iron
Ancient Greek—> Phonecian
Changes in Greece because of the Dark Ages
Kings —> city-states
bronze —> iron
Ancient Greek—> Phonecian
Deus et Machina
God and Machine
Xenia
Guest host relations
Moderation in all things
Know thyself; motto of the greeks
Thetis
Achilles’ mom; wife of Peleus; greeks’ side
Aphrodite
The one who got the apple; Troy’s side
Helen
born from an egg, wife of Menelaus, and later wife of Paris; the girl who everyone is fighting over. Troy’s side
Apollo
Greek god of the sun & plague; Troy’s side, Gave Cassandra the gift of prophecy.
Hera
Wife of Zeus; Greek; hates Paris
Zeus
God of all gods, tried to stay neutral, but he leaned towards the Greeks.
Athena
Brother of Apollo, Pro greek, made Pandarus shoot at Menelaus; Tricked Hector into fighting Achilles
Iris
Messenger of Zeus
Hephaestus
Makes a new set of armor for Achilles
Ajax
Greek hero, loses in the contest for Achilles’ armor
Deiphobus
trojan; brother of Hector
Agamemnon
Greek Leader, Goes after Troy for the statue of porpoise bones to end the curse, later killed by his wife, had people steal Achilles’ prize of honor. Angered Apollo.
Hecuba
Queen of Troy, Wife of Priam, asked Paris to return to battle
Patroclus
The best friend of Achilles, got Achilles’ armor
Why did Achilles go back to battle?
Because Patroclus died to Apollo, Hector, and a random Trojan Soldier
Neoptolemus
son of Achilles
Clytemnestra
wife of Agamemnon, who later kills Agamemnon
Odysseus
King of Ithica, made a blood oath for people to protect Helen; Greek
Nester
oldest and wisest chieftain; Sent Patroclus to get Achilles’ armor Greek.
Chryseis
Agamemnon’s prize of honor
Hector
Trojan hero; killed by Achilles, killed Patroclus.
Paris
said to be the “destruction of Troy” son of Priam, brother of Achilles, exposed as a baby. Trojan
Pandarus
Shoots Menelaus; Trojan soldier
Briseis
Achilles’ prize of honor
Peleus
Achilles’ father
Priam
King of Troy, got Hector’s body from Achilles.
Menelaus
King of Sparta
Andromache
Wife of Hector
Iphigenia
Agamemnon sacrifices her
Achilles
Greek soldier, Son of Thetis, left battle because Agamemnon made him angry, went back to battle after Patroclus dies, killed Hector
bow of Achilles
left with Nestor on an island
Why must Iphigenia must die
because Artemis is preventing the winds from blowing.
The pattern that leads to nemesis
Arete
Ate
Hubris
Why Helen’s father cannot marry her of without a plan
because the suitors will kill each other
Prophecy of Achilles
you will outgrow your father.
Armor of Achilles
High-prized armor, fooled the Trojans into thinking Achilles was on the battlefield.
Statue of Porpoise
In Troy; If Agamemnon touched it, the family curse would be lifted; why Agamemnon invaded Troy.
Prize of Honor
A virgin woman that is given to great soldiers as a reward.
Apple of Aphrodite
Greek Side
Agamemnon
Menelaus
Odysseus
Achilles
Petroclus
Nestor
Calcas
Greek Gods:
Athena
Hera
Poseidon
Trojan side
Priam
Hector
Paris
Dysiphobis
Aeneas
Panduras
Asyanax
Cassandra
Gods:
Aphrodite
Apollo
Ares
Decision of Paris
He decides who gets the apple
Settings
Ithica
Troy
Sparta
In medias res
in the middle of things
Achilles’ ate
When he tells his mom that he wants the greeks to lose.
Ch1
Agamemnon insults the priest of Apollo, causing Apollo to punish the Greeks. In order to fix things, Agamemnon must give Apollo his prize of honor. They argue and because of this, Agamemnon takes Achilles’ prize of honor, and Achilles backs out of the battle.
Ch2
Themis tries to persuade Zeus to restore the prize of honor of Achilles so then he will rejoin the war. Zeus sends Agamemnon a false dream to attack Troy. Menelaus and Paris fight on the battlefield.
Ch3
Hector returns to Troy and he urges Paris to rejoin the war
Ch4
Agamemnon offers many gifts to Achilles if he will rejoin the Greeks, but he refuses.
Ch5
Patroclus is lent Achilles’ armor and leads the Myrmidons into battle. He protects the Greek ships from Hector, but Hector kills him.
Ch6
Achilles becomes determined to avenge Patroclus, so Achilles rejoins battle and chases Hector around the walls of Troy
Ch7
Athena tricks Hector into fighting Achilles face-to-face. Achilles kills Hector, and Hector reminds Achilles that his death will come soon
Ch8
The gods order Achilles to give Priam Hector’s body. Once Priam returns to Troy, a funeral is held for Hector.
who and when was the epic written
Homer 750 BC
