lipoprotein metabolism

Question 1

Break down products of triacylglycerols

Answer 1

fatty acids glycerol and monoglycride

Question 2

lipoprotein metabolism overview（3 pathways）

Answer 2

exogenous(GI tract), endogenous(blood stream), reverse cholesterol transport

Question 3

Acetyl- CoA and Acyl-CoA

Answer 3

Acetyl-CoA:乙酰辅酶A，乙酰基，
Acyl-CoA: 酰基辅酶A, 酰基，任意酰基

Question 4

function of acetyl-CoA in lipoprotein metabolism

Question 5

function of acyl-CoA in lipoprotein metabolism

Question 6

when would β-oxidation occur?

Answer 6

low blood glucose conditions

Question 7

productions of β-oxidation fatty acids

Answer 7

Acetyl-CoA, NADH,QH2

Question 8

What enzyme can make Triacylglycerol breakdown in adipocyte

Answer 8

Lipase(hormone sensitive)

Question 9

Triacylglycerol compoments

Answer 9

Fatty acids, glycerol

Question 10

Fatty acid compoments

Answer 10

long carbon chain+ carboxyl group

Question 11

what could glycerol do from triacyglycerol breakdonw?and where？

Answer 11

glycerol—-gluconeogenesis—->glucose
Take place in liver

Question 12

where would triacylglycerol breakdown happen?

Answer 12

adipocyte

Question 13

where would fatty acid β-oxidation happen?

Answer 13

liver and muscle

Question 14

where would glycerol glyconeogenesis happen?

Answer 14

liver

Question 15

how many steps for fatty acid activation in cytosol

Answer 15

2

Question 16

Step 1 activation of fatty acid in cytosol

Answer 16

1. Fatty acid+ATP—>acyl-adenylate+ 2Pi(phosphate)

Question 17

Step 2 activation of fatty acid in cytosol

Answer 17

acyl-adenylate+ CoA—>Acyl-CoA + AMP

Question 18

what is HSCoA

Answer 18

CoenzymeA CoA

Question 19

where will Acyl-CoA being transported to after activation in cytosol

Answer 19

matrix，参与循环

Question 20

β-oxidation of fatty acids in matrix

Answer 20

cycle: starts with Acyl-CoA, ends up with Acetyl-CoA, QH2, NADH, consumes CoA, Q, NAD+

Question 21

For a saturated acyl-CoA with 2N carbons

Answer 21

Acyl-CoA + (N-1)Q + (N-1)NAD+, + (N-1)CoA —–>N Acetyl-CoA + (N-1) QH2 + (N-1) NADH

Question 22

Electron produced for a saturated acyl-CoA oxidation with 2N carbons

Answer 22

14 ATP/pair of carbons in a fatty acid

Question 23

what are ketone bodies

Answer 23

name for acetone(丙酮), acetoacetate(乙酰乙酸)， β-hydroxybutyrate（β-羟基丁酸）

Question 24

where is ketogenesis take place?

Answer 24

Liver hepacytos

Question 25

where fatty biosynthesis take plece?

Answer 25

liver, adipose tissue的cytosol

Question 26

what wil trigger fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 26

high blood glucose

Question 27

where is Acetyl-CoA produced?

Answer 27

mitochondria matrix

Question 28

how is Acetyl-CoA transported to cytosol for fatty acid biosynthesis?

Answer 28

needs energy(breakdown ATP), through citrate transport system

Question 29

citrate transport system

Answer 29

transports Acetyl-CoA from mitochondria matrix to cytosol, using 2ATP and NADH,NADP+

Question 30

fatty acid biosynthesis

Answer 30

happens in cytosol, thus need the citrate transport system

Question 31

triacylglycerol vs triglyceride

Answer 31

basically use interchangeably

Question 32

how is fatty acid activated before being oxidased?

Answer 32

FA+AMP=acyladenylate
acyladenylate+H-SCoA=Acyl-CoA + AMP
substution

Question 33

where is beta-oxidation of FA take place?

Answer 33

mitochrondria matrix