Lipogenesis / Chain-Elongation

Question 1

What is Lipogenesis?

Answer 1

Creation of Long Chain Fatty Acids for Fat Storage

Question 2

When does Lipogenesis occur?

Answer 2

Too much or excess CHO

Question 3

What are the 4 steps of Lipogenesis?

Answer 3

1.) Condensation
2.) Reduction
3.) Dehydration
4.) Reduction

Question 4

Excess CHO in the blood stream will end up where and create what?

Answer 4

CHO > Blood Stream > Liver

Liver uses insulin to make glucose into Glycogen

Question 5

Where is Insulin secreted from for use in the liver?

Answer 5

Pancreas (Beta Cells)

Question 6

Once glycogenisis has packed the liver full of glycogen storage, where will remaining glycogen go?

Answer 6

It will convert into Acetyl CoA for use in Lipogenesis

Question 7

What molecule is the foundation for FA Elongation?

Answer 7

Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) + ACP

Question 8

What is the base step #1 of Elongation?

Answer 8

FAS + ACP + Acetyl CoA

Question 9

What is base step #2 of Elongation?

Answer 9

MCA is added to the base elongation step of FAS + ACP + Acetyl CoA

Question 10

What step 1 of Lipogenesis (condensation)?

Answer 10

MCA + Acetyl CoA convert into KetoAcel ACP

Question 11

What is the enzyme that converts MCA + Acetyl CoA into KetoAcel ACP?

Answer 11

KetoAcel ACP Synthase

Question 12

What is Step 2 of Lipogenesis (Reduction)?

Answer 12

KetoAcel ACP is converted into HydroxyAcel ACP

Question 13

What is the enzyme that converts KetoAcel ACP into HydroxyAcel ACP?

Answer 13

KetoAcel ACP Reductase

Question 14

What are the byproducts of step 2 of Lipogenesis?

Answer 14

NADH > NAD

Question 15

What is step 3 of Lipogenesis (Dehydration)?

Answer 15

HydroxyAcel ACP is converted into Trans-Enoyl ACP

Question 16

What is the enzyme that converts HydroxyAcel ACP into Trans-Enoyl ACP?

Answer 16

HydroxyAcel ACP Dehydrogenase

Question 17

What is step 4 of Lipogenesis (Reduction)?

Answer 17

Trans-Enoyl ACP is converted into Acyl-ACP

Question 18

What is the enzyme that converts Trans-Enoyl ACP into Acyl-ACP?

Answer 18

Trans-Enoyl Reductase

Question 19

What are the byproducts of step 4 of Lipogenesis?

Answer 19

NADH > NAD

Question 20

What is an input for step 3 of Lipogenesis?

Answer 20

H20

Question 21

Once Acyl-ACP is yielded what happens?

Answer 21

MCA is added to repeat the process 7 more times

Question 22

After 7 rounds of Elongation what is Acyl-ACP converted into?

Answer 22

Palmitoyl CoA

Question 23

Palmitoyl CoA coverts into a final product of what?

Answer 23

Palmitate

Question 24

What enzyme converts Palmitoyl CoA into Palmitate?

Answer 24

Thioesterase

Question 25

What total yield is inputed to repeat the elongation step 7 times?

Answer 25

7 ATP
14 NADH
8 Acetyl CoA

Question 26

What is considered the commitment step of Chain-Elongation

Answer 26

Insulin Secretion (anabolic > growth of fat storage)

Question 27

Insulin is responsible for what 3 formation processes from the liver.

Answer 27

Lipogenesis
Cholesterol Synthesis
Glucogenesis