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ENS632 (Test #2 V2) > Ketone Body Synthesis > Flashcards

Ketone Body Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

When does Ketone Body Synthesis occur?

A

When Glycogenolysis / GNS substrates are exhausted (starvation)

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2
Q

What are 3 Ketones produced & utilized in Ketone Body Synthesis?

A

Beta (0-3-) Hydroxybuturate
Acetoacetate
Acetone

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3
Q

What is the primary Ketone body utilized?

A

Beta Hydroxybuturate

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4
Q

What is the first Ketone Body produced?

A

Acetoacetate

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5
Q

Other than sugar, Ketones are the only other substrate that can cross what?

A

Blood-Brain Barrier

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6
Q

Where are Ketone Bodies used?

A

Muscle
Brain
Heart

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7
Q

Why is Ketone Body Synthesis utilized as an energy pathway as opposed to other pathways?

A

Oxaloacetate is depleted from reoccurring GNG cycles.

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8
Q

Approaching a starvation state what will be up-regulated prior to Ketone Body Synthesis?

A

GNG
Beta-Oxidation

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9
Q

How does Ketone Body Synthesis start?

A

High concentrations of Acetyl CoA produced from Beta Oxidation provide the substrates to start Ketone Body Synthesis

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10
Q

What is step 1 of Ketone Body Synthesis?

A

Acetyl CoA + Acetyl CoA convert into AcetylAcetyl CoA

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11
Q

What is the enzyme that converts 2 Acetyle CoA’s into AcetylAcetyl CoA?

A

AcetylAcetyl CoA Thiolase

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12
Q

What is step 2 of Ketone Body Synthesis?

A

AcetylAcetyl CoA is converted into HMG CoA

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13
Q

What is an input for step 2 of Ketone Body Synthesis?

A

A 3rd Acetyl CoA molecule

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14
Q

What is the enzyme that converts AcetylAcetyl CoA into HMG CoA?

A

HMG-CoA Synthase

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15
Q

What is step 3 of Ketone Body Synthesis?

A

HMG-CoA is converted into Acetoacetate

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16
Q

What is the enzyme that converts HMG-CoA inot Acetoacetate?

A

HMG-CoA Lyase

17
Q

Once Acetoacetate is formed, how many pathways for Ketone Bodies are there?

A

2 pathways

18
Q

What is step 4(A) of Ketone Body Synthesis?

A

Acetoacetate is converted into Acetone

19
Q

What is a byproduct of step 4(A) of Ketone Body Synthesis?

A

CO2

20
Q

What is the enzyme that converts Acetoacetate into Acetone?

A

Acetoacetate Dehydrogenase

21
Q

What is step 4(B) of Ketone Body Synthesis?

A

Acetoacetate is converted into Beta Hydroxybutrate

22
Q

What is the enzyme that converts Acetoacetate into Beta Hydroxybutrate?

A

Beta Hydroxybuturate Dydrogenase

23
Q

4 sources of regulation for Ketone Body Synthesis are?

A

HSL
Glucagon
Pyruvate Carboxylase
Malate Dehydrogenase

ENS632 (Test #2 V2) (7 decks)

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