Beta Oxidation

Question 1

What is Beta Oxidation?

Answer 1

Breakdown of FA’s into Acetyl CoA to be used for Ketones or other metabolic fuel

Question 2

What are the 4 stages of Beta Oxidation?

Answer 2

1.) Dehydration
2.) Hydration
3.) Dehydration
4.) Clevage

Question 3

What is the catalyst step of Beta Oxidation?

Answer 3

FA is converted into FA Acel CoA (c)

Question 4

What is the enzyme that converts FA into FA Acel CoA?

Answer 4

Fatty Acel CoA Synthetase

Question 5

Where does the catalyst step of Beta Oxidation occur?

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

In order for the FA Acel CoA to diffuse into the mitochondrial membrane what must be added to it?

Answer 6

Carnitine

Question 7

What two enzymes are used in the Carnitine Transport?

Answer 7

CAT1 (c) & CAT2 (m)

Question 8

Why does a CoA Molecule need to be added to the FA Acel?

Answer 8

So it cannot leave the mitochondria

Question 9

What is step 1 of Beta Oxidation (Dehydration)?

Answer 9

FA Acel CoA is converted into Enoyl CoA

Question 10

What is the enzyme that converts FA Acel CoA into Enoyl CoA?

Answer 10

Acel CoA Dehydrogenase *(rate-limiting)

Question 11

What are the byproducts of step 2 of Beta Oxidation?

Answer 11

FAD > FADH2

Question 12

What is step 2 of Beta Oxidation (Hydration)?

Answer 12

Enoyl CoA is converted into BetaHydroxyAcel CoA

Question 13

What is the enzyme that converts Enoyl CoA into BetaHydroxyAcel CoA?

Answer 13

Enoyl CoA Hydratase

Question 14

What is a input of step 2 of Beta Oxidation?

Answer 14

H20 (hydration step)

Question 15

What is Step 3 of Beta Oxidation (Dehydration)

Answer 15

BetaHydroxyAcel CoA is converted into BetaKetoAcel CoA

Question 16

What is the enzyme that converts BetaHydroxyAcel CoA into BetaKetoAcel CoA?

Answer 16

BetaHydroxyAcel CoA Dehydrogenase

Question 17

What are the byproducts of step 3 of beta oxidation?

Answer 17

NAD > NADH

Question 18

What is the 4th step of Beta Oxidation (Clevage)?

Answer 18

BetaKetoAcel Coa is converted into Acetyl CoA

Question 19

What is the enzyme that converts BetaKetoAcel CoA into Acetyl CoA?

Answer 19

Thiolase *(rate-limiting)

Question 20

After Acetyl CoA is yielded from Beta Oxidation, where does it go?

Answer 20

Either into KREBS to spin the TCA cycle or used for Ketone Body Synthesis

Question 21

If CHO are high in the blood stream what will that do to Beta Oxidation?

Answer 21

Down-Regulate / Increase Glycolytic Flux

Question 22

What additional substrate is needed to utilize with Acetyl CoA to spin the TCA cycle?

Answer 22

Oxaloacetate

Question 23

What is the primary rate-limiting enzyme of Beta Oxidation?

Answer 23

Acel CoA Dehydrogenase

Question 24

What is the secondary rate-limiting enzyme of Beta Oxidation?

Answer 24

Thiolase

Question 25

If Acetyl CoA & NADH are high what will happen?

Answer 25

Deactivates Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

= no enzymes for dehydration steps.

Question 26

What enzymes are primarily responsible for Beta Oxidation taking place?

Answer 26

Acel CoA Dehydrogenase
BHAD (beta hydroxy acel dehyd)
Thiolase

Question 27

Beta Oxidation potential is allosterically (feed-forward) regulated by?

Answer 27

NAD
FAD
Exercise
Diet

Question 28

High amounts of Acetyl CoA have what regulation effect on Thiolase?

Answer 28

Negative Feedback > Puts the breaks on the clevage step

Question 29

Exercise has what regulation cascade on Beta Oxidation?

Answer 29

Exercise >
Contraction >
ATP >
ADP >
AMP >

=

High AMPK > activates MCA

Question 30

What transport protein is highly sensitive to MCA presence?

Answer 30

CPT-1

Question 31

What is CPT-1 needed for?

Answer 31

Transport of long chain fatty acids

Question 32

Too much citrate as a byproduct of the TCA cycle will do what to Beta Oxidation?

Answer 32

It will reverse the TCA cycle: (Citrate Lyase) will convert Citrate to Acetyl CoA, which high concentrations will deactivate PDH