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Y3: BL3303 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

what are three functions of biomembranes?

A
  1. barrier between cell and environment
  2. communication
  3. boundaries for organelles
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2
Q

what is the definition of a phospholipid bilayer?

A

is an energetically favourable element

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3
Q

what does energetically favourable mean?

A

lowest free energy

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4
Q

what is structure of phospholipids

A

heads and tails groups

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5
Q

what are the headgroups?

A

polar and hydrophilic

hydrogen bonding to water and electrostatic interactions with counter ions

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6
Q

what are the tailgroups?

A

apolar and hydrophobic

van der waal forces

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7
Q

describe the phospholipids relationship with high and low temperatures…

A

high temperatures:
fluid phase and movement allowed (liquid crystalline state)

low temperatures:
gel like phase, tightly packed hydrocarbons

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8
Q

what is a descriptor of ALL lipid classes?

A

amphipathic (polar and non-polar elements present)

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9
Q

what is the simple structure of a fatty acid?

A

alkyl chains terminated by carboxylic acid groups

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10
Q

what does ‘saturated’ mean for fatty acids?

A

indicates chain fully reduced

no double bonds within the alkyl portions

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11
Q

what are structural consequences of unsaturation of fatty acids?

A

bend more easily and packed less tightly
due to cis double bonds
effects melting points

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12
Q

what types of fatty acids decrease transition temperature?

A

short chain fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids

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13
Q

how do polar bears produce energy?

A

burn fatty acid via beta-oxidation

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14
Q

what are the two main types of phospholipids?

A

phosphoglycerides

phosphoceramides

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15
Q

what is the structura; components of phosphoglycerides?

A

glycerol backbone
phosphodiester (in place of glcerol)
alcohol headgroup
two ester linked fatty acids

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16
Q

what are the two pathways in kennedy pathway, and their products?

A 
choline = pc
ethanolamine = pe
17
Q

what is Phosphatidylinositol?

A

key membrane constituent and participant in essential metabolic processes

18
Q

what is cardiolipin?

A

diphosphatidylglycerol
dimeric structure
four acyl groups and 2 negative charges
in membranes of bacteria and mitochondria

19
Q

what are waxes

A

esters of longchain alcohols with long chain fatty acids

20
Q

what are terpenes?

A

lipids formed from multiple isoprene units
steroids
flovourings

21
Q

what are the 4 functions of cholesterol?

A

regulatory
cellular signalling
building block of membranes
modulate fluidity

22
Q

what does cholesterol prevent in the membrane?

A

crystalisation of hydrocarbons and phase shifts

23
Q

what are 5 molecules that cholesterol is a precursor for?

A 
steroids
vitamin d
bile acids
corticosteroids
sex hormones
24
Q

describe the plasma membrane assymetry

A

outer leaf
inner leaf
lipid rafts

25
Q

what are FAMEs

A

fatty acid methyl esters

26
Q

what is the process of mass spectrometry

A

sample
ionisation source
analyser
detector

27
Q

what are the scanning techniques in tandem mass spectrometry?

A

product ion
precursor ion
neutral loss
single/multiple reaction monitoring

28
Q

what are lipidomics?

A

reveal differences between similar species

subcellular fractionation

29
Q

what is protein n-myristoylation?

A

addition of a myristic acid to glycein through amide linkage

30
Q

what is protein palmitoylation?

A

addition of palmitic to cysteine through thio ester linkage

31
Q

what is prenylation?

A

c terminal addition of a farnesyl or geranylferanyl isoprenoid through a thioester linkage to cysteine residue

32
Q

what are three functions of phosphoionositides?

A

intracellular trafficking
cellular signalling
cytoskeletal remodelling

Y3: BL3303 (15 decks)

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