Lipids

Question 1

structural lipids

Answer 1

-component of phospholipid bilayer, protects cell from environment

Question 2

phospholipids

Answer 2

-hydrophilic polar head with a hydrophobic fatty acid tail

Question 3

saturated fatty acid tail

Answer 3

-only single bonds, more stable/form solids at room temp

Question 4

unsaturated fatty acid tail

Answer 4

• one or more double bonds, create kinks

- liquid at room temp

Question 5

glycerophospholipid

Answer 5

• contains a glycerol backbone

- important in membrane synthesis

Question 6

sphingolipids

Answer 6

• sphingosine backbone and long, np fatty acid tails and polar head
• ex: antigens on RBCs

Question 7

waxes

Answer 7

• consist of esters of long chain fatty acids with long chain alcohols
• form malleable solids and protect against environment

Question 8

signaling lipids

Answer 8

• intracellular messengers, hormones

- steroids, prostaglandins, and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 9

steroids

Answer 9

• 4 cycloalkane rings fused together, non polar

- ex: cholesterol

Question 10

cholesterol

Answer 10

• major component of the phospholipid bilayer and helps maintain fluidity (amphipathic)
• stabilize cell membrane against temp changes
• high temps: keeps it from being too permeable
• low temps: keeps it from solidifying

Question 11

hypercholesterolemia

Answer 11

• high cholesterol

- accumulation of cholesterol on the walls of the arteries lead to atherosclerosis

Question 12

prostaglandins

Answer 12

• 20 C molecules that are unsaturated carboxylic acids, contain a 5 C ring
• regulates synthesis of cAMP

Question 13

lipid (fat)-soluble vitamins

Answer 13

• must be consumed in diet
• fat-soluble vitamins can accumulate in stored fat
• ex: vitamin A, D, E, K

Question 14

vitamin A

Answer 14

• unsaturated hydrocarbon with roles in vision, growth/development, and immune function
• retinal

Question 15

vitamin D

Answer 15

• aka cholecalciferol
• convert to calcitriol which increase calcium and phosphate uptake in the intestines and decreases excretion of Ca in the kidneys
• promotes bone production

Question 16

vitamin E

Answer 16

• lipids with a substituted hydrophobic aromatic ring

- prevents oxidative damage

Question 17

vitamin K

Answer 17

-vital to formation of prothrombin, an important clotting factor

Question 18

triacylglycerols

Answer 18

-lipids for energy storage b/c they are light-weight and energy rich

Question 19

triglycerides

Answer 19

-3 fatty acids bound to a glycerol, nonpolar

Question 20

saponification

Answer 20

hydrolysis of triglycerides using a strong base (soaps)