Lipids Flashcards
1
Q
structural lipids
A
-component of phospholipid bilayer, protects cell from environment
2
Q
phospholipids
A
-hydrophilic polar head with a hydrophobic fatty acid tail
3
Q
saturated fatty acid tail
A
-only single bonds, more stable/form solids at room temp
4
Q
unsaturated fatty acid tail
A
- one or more double bonds, create kinks
- liquid at room temp
5
Q
glycerophospholipid
A
- contains a glycerol backbone
- important in membrane synthesis
6
Q
sphingolipids
A
- sphingosine backbone and long, np fatty acid tails and polar head
- ex: antigens on RBCs
7
Q
waxes
A
- consist of esters of long chain fatty acids with long chain alcohols
- form malleable solids and protect against environment
8
Q
signaling lipids
A
- intracellular messengers, hormones
- steroids, prostaglandins, and fat-soluble vitamins
9
Q
steroids
A
- 4 cycloalkane rings fused together, non polar
- ex: cholesterol
10
Q
cholesterol
A
- major component of the phospholipid bilayer and helps maintain fluidity (amphipathic)
- stabilize cell membrane against temp changes
- high temps: keeps it from being too permeable
- low temps: keeps it from solidifying
11
Q
hypercholesterolemia
A
- high cholesterol
- accumulation of cholesterol on the walls of the arteries lead to atherosclerosis
12
Q
prostaglandins
A
- 20 C molecules that are unsaturated carboxylic acids, contain a 5 C ring
- regulates synthesis of cAMP
13
Q
lipid (fat)-soluble vitamins
A
- must be consumed in diet
- fat-soluble vitamins can accumulate in stored fat
- ex: vitamin A, D, E, K
14
Q
vitamin A
A
- unsaturated hydrocarbon with roles in vision, growth/development, and immune function
- retinal
15
Q
vitamin D
A
- aka cholecalciferol
- convert to calcitriol which increase calcium and phosphate uptake in the intestines and decreases excretion of Ca in the kidneys
- promotes bone production
